{"id":1363,"date":"2025-02-04T01:00:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T17:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=1363"},"modified":"2025-02-04T01:00:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T17:00:15","slug":"c%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e4%b9%8b%ef%bc%9a8-%e8%b0%83%e8%af%95%e4%b8%8e%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/04\/c%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e4%b9%8b%ef%bc%9a8-%e8%b0%83%e8%af%95%e4%b8%8e%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95\/","title":{"rendered":"C++\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\u3002C++\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u627e\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8C++\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8c03\u8bd5\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u5de7\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668<\/strong><br>\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u6709<strong>GDB<\/strong>\uff08GNU Debugger\uff09\u548c<strong>Visual Studio Debugger<\/strong>\u3002\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6682\u505c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8c03\u7528\u6808\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f53\u524d\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6808\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<strong>GDB<\/strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2aC++\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  g++ -g -o my_program my_program.cpp  # \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u52a0\u4e0a-g\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\n  gdb .\/my_program  # \u542f\u52a8GDB\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\n  (gdb) break main  # \u5728main\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\n  (gdb) run  # \u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u5728\u65ad\u70b9\u5904\u6682\u505c\n  (gdb) next  # \u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\n  (gdb) print var_name  # \u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u91cfvar_name\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f7f\u7528<strong>Visual Studio Debugger<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u70b9\u51fb\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u8fb9\u680f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u8bd5\u201d\u6216\u6309F5\u952e\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528F10\uff08\u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3001F11\uff08\u8fdb\u5165\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u7b49\u5feb\u6377\u952e\u9010\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u65ad\u70b9\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong><br>\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec<code>std::cout<\/code>\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982<strong>spdlog<\/strong>\u3001<strong>log4cpp<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5173\u952e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  std::cout &lt;&lt; \"Entering function xyz\" &lt;&lt; std::endl;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u65ad\u70b9\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong>\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6682\u505c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u65ad\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u65ad\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u6682\u505c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65ad\u70b9\u547d\u4e2d\u6b21\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u65ad\u70b9\u88ab\u547d\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u6b21\u6570\u65f6\u6682\u505c\u3002 \u5728<strong>GDB<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u65ad\u70b9\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  (gdb) break my_function if x &gt; 10  # \u53ea\u6709x&gt;10\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6682\u505c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Google Test\u6846\u67b6<\/strong> Google Test\uff08gtest\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684C++\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u65ad\u8a00\u3001\u6a21\u62df\uff08mocking\uff09\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Google Test\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u5b89\u88c5Google Test\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728Ubuntu\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a <code>sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728CMake\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eGoogle Test\uff1a <code>find_package(GTest REQUIRED) include_directories(${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}) add_executable(my_test my_test.cpp) target_link_libraries(my_test ${GTEST_LIBRARIES} pthread)<\/code> \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  #include &lt;gtest\/gtest.h&gt;\n\n  int Add(int a, int b) {\n      return a + b;\n  }\n\n  TEST(AddTest, PositiveNumbers) {\n      EXPECT_EQ(Add(1, 2), 3);\n  }\n\n  TEST(AddTest, NegativeNumbers) {\n      EXPECT_EQ(Add(-1, -1), -2);\n  }\n\n  TEST(AddTest, Zero) {\n      EXPECT_EQ(Add(0, 0), 0);\n  }\n\n  int main(int argc, char **argv) {\n      ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&amp;argc, argv);\n      return RUN_ALL_TESTS();\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  g++ -std=c++11 my_test.cpp -lgtest -lgtest_main -pthread -o my_test\n  .\/my_test<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7f16\u5199\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong><br>\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684<strong>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u6709\u6548\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8f93\u5165\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5e38\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u660e\u786e<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u90fd\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9<code>Add<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  TEST(AddTest, LargeNumbers) {\n      EXPECT_EQ(Add(1000000000, 1000000000), 2000000000);\n  }\n\n  TEST(AddTest, NegativeAndPositive) {\n      EXPECT_EQ(Add(-1, 5), 4);\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\uff08\u5982GDB\u3001Visual Studio Debugger\uff09\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Google 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6280\u672f\uff0cC++\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\u3002C++\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e2e 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