{"id":138,"date":"2024-12-09T23:44:55","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T15:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=138"},"modified":"2024-12-09T23:44:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T15:44:55","slug":"python-%e4%b8%93%e4%b8%9a%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/09\/python-%e4%b8%93%e4%b8%9a%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"Python \u4e13\u4e1a\u6307\u5357\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

Python \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u751f\u6001\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u5357\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u8a00\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • PEP 8 \u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u8303<\/strong>\uff1aPython\u5b98\u65b9\u4ee3\u7801\u98ce\u683c\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e0e\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5982def<\/code>, class<\/code>, if<\/code>, else<\/code>, yield<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5e38\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff1alen()<\/code>, print()<\/code>, type()<\/code>, map()<\/code>, filter()<\/code>, zip()<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    1.2 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1aint<\/code>, float<\/code>, tuple<\/code>, str<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1alist<\/code>, dict<\/code>, set<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Python\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u5206\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u6a21\u5757\uff1agc<\/code>\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      2. Python\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      2.1 \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        with open(\"file.txt\", \"r\") as f:\n    data = f.read()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          import json\n\nwith open(\"data.json\", \"r\") as f:\n    data = json.load(f)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          2.2 \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u6a21\u5757\uff1are<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u7bb1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            import re\n\npattern = r\"\\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}\\b\"\nemail = \"example@test.com\"\nif re.match(pattern, email):\n    print(\"Valid email\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            2.3 \u65e5\u671f\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u6a21\u5757\uff1adatetime<\/code>, time<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              from datetime import datetime\n\nnow = datetime.now()\nprint(now.strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S\"))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              3. \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              3.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                class Animal:\n    def __init__(self, name):\n        self.name = name\n\n    def speak(self):\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n    def speak(self):\n        return f\"{self.name} says Woof!\"\n\ndog = Dog(\"Buddy\")\nprint(dog.speak())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                3.2 \u9ad8\u7ea7OOP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  class MyClass:\n    @staticmethod\n    def static_method():\n        return \"Static\"\n\n    @classmethod\n    def class_method(cls):\n        return cls.__name__<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u9b54\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u5e38\u7528\uff1a__str__<\/code>, __repr__<\/code>, __add__<\/code>, __eq__<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    4. \u5e76\u53d1\u4e0e\u5e76\u884c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    4.1 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \u9002\u5408 I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    import threading\n\ndef print_numbers():\n    for i in range(5):\n        print(i)\n\nt = threading.Thread(target=print_numbers)\nt.start()\nt.join()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    4.2 \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \u9002\u5408 CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    from multiprocessing import Process\n\ndef print_numbers():\n    for i in range(5):\n        print(i)\n\np = Process(target=print_numbers)\np.start()\np.join()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    4.3 \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \u6a21\u5757\uff1aasyncio<\/code>\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    import asyncio\n\nasync def main():\n    print(\"Hello\")\n    await asyncio.sleep(1)\n    print(\"World\")\n\nasyncio.run(main())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    5. \u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    5.1 \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u5e38\u7528\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • numpy<\/code>\uff1a\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • pandas<\/code>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • matplotlib<\/code> \/ seaborn<\/code>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      import pandas as pd\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\ndata = pd.DataFrame({\"x\": [1, 2, 3], \"y\": [4, 5, 6]})\ndata.plot(x=\"x\", y=\"y\", kind=\"line\")\nplt.show()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      5.2 \u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u5e38\u7528\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • scikit-learn<\/code>\uff1a\u7ecf\u5178\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • tensorflow<\/code> \/ pytorch<\/code>\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\nimport numpy as np\n\nX = np.array([[1], [2], [3]])\ny = np.array([2, 4, 6])\n\nmodel = LinearRegression()\nmodel.fit(X, y)\nprint(model.predict([[4]]))  # \u8f93\u51fa: [8.]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                        5.3 Web\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\uff1aFlask<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u5168\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\uff1aDjango<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u793a\u4f8b\uff08Flask\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          from flask import Flask\n\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.route('\/')\ndef hello():\n    return \"Hello, World!\"\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    app.run()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          5.4 \u722c\u866b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • \u5e38\u7528\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1arequests<\/code> + BeautifulSoup<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            import requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\nresponse = requests.get(\"https:\/\/example.com\")\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, \"html.parser\")\nprint(soup.title.text)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n
                            6. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • \u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u6a21\u5757\uff1aunittest<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                              import unittest\n\ndef add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nclass TestMath(unittest.TestCase):\n    def test_add(self):\n        self.assertEqual(add(2, 3), 5)\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    unittest.main()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • \u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u4f7f\u7528pdb<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                import pdb\n\nx = 10\ny = 20\npdb.set_trace()  # \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\nprint(x + y)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                \n\n\n\n
                                7. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                • \u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • cProfile<\/code>\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • line_profiler<\/code>\uff1a\u9010\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u591a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n\n\n\n
                                  8. \u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                  8.1 \u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  project\/\n\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\/                   # \u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 module1.py\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 module2.py\n\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 tests\/                 # \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 test_module1.py\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 test_module2.py\n\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt       # \u4f9d\u8d56\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 README.md              # \u6587\u6863<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                  8.2 \u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u4f7f\u7528pip<\/code>\u6216poetry<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1avenv<\/code>\u6216conda<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                    8.3 CI\/CD<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n
                                    • \u4f7f\u7528GitHub Actions<\/code>\u6216Jenkins<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n\n\n\n
                                      \u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002\u66f4\u591aPython\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                      Python \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cPyt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138\/revisions\/139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}