{"id":1476,"date":"2025-02-09T09:51:48","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T01:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=1476"},"modified":"2025-02-09T09:51:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T01:51:49","slug":"python-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e7%b1%bb%e3%80%81%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf%e3%80%81%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%85%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%9a%e6%80%81%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/09\/python-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e7%b1%bb%e3%80%81%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf%e3%80%81%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%85%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%9a%e6%80%81%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"Python \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a\u7c7b\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 Python \u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7c7b\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08<code>__init__<\/code>\uff09\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684 Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u80fd\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8be6\u7ec6\u6559\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1aPython \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 <code>class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      pass  # \u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\n\n  # \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\n  my_dog = Dog()\n  print(my_dog)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a&lt;__main__.Dog object at 0x000001B9F1B2E4F0&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7c7b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      # \u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\n      species = \"Canine\"\n\n      def __init__(self, name, age):\n          # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\n          self.name = name\n          self.age = age\n\n      def bark(self):\n          return f\"{self.name} says woof!\"\n\n  # \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\n  my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\", 3)\n  print(my_dog.bark())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aBuddy says woof!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>self \u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c<code>self<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 <code>__init__<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 <code>__init__<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a<code>__init__<\/code> \u662f Python \u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c<code>__init__<\/code> \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      def __init__(self, name, age):\n          self.name = name\n          self.age = age\n\n  my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\", 3)\n  print(my_dog.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aBuddy\n  print(my_dog.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5c5e\u6027\u901a\u8fc7 <code>\u5bf9\u8c61.\u5c5e\u6027<\/code> \u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7 <code>\u5bf9\u8c61.\u65b9\u6cd5()<\/code> \u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      def __init__(self, name, age):\n          self.name = name\n          self.age = age\n\n      def speak(self):\n          return f\"{self.name} barks!\"\n\n  dog = Dog(\"Buddy\", 5)\n  print(dog.speak())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aBuddy barks!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u591a\u6001<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<code>super()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<code>super()<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Animal:\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Animal makes a sound\"\n\n  class Dog(Animal):\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Dog barks\"\n\n  my_dog = Dog()\n  print(my_dog.speak())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aDog barks<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Animal:\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Animal makes a sound\"\n\n  class Dog(Animal):\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Woof!\"\n\n  dog = Dog()\n  print(dog.speak())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aWoof!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u591a\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u6001\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c7b\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Animal:\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Animal makes a sound\"\n\n  class Dog(Animal):\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Woof!\"\n\n  class Cat(Animal):\n      def speak(self):\n          return \"Meow!\"\n\n  animals = &#91;Dog(), Cat()]\n  for animal in animals:\n      print(animal.speak())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aWoof! Meow!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u79c1\u6709\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08<code>__<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      def __init__(self, name):\n          self.__name = name  # \u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\n\n      def __private_method(self):\n          return \"This is a private method\"\n\n      def public_method(self):\n          return self.__private_method()\n\n  my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\")\n  print(my_dog.public_method())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aThis is a private method<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<code>_<\/code> \u548c <code>__<\/code> \u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5355\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf <code>_<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u201c\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf <code>__<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u201c\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      def __init__(self, name):\n          self._name = name  # \u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c5e\u6027\n          self.__age = 3  # \u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\n\n  my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\")\n  print(my_dog._name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aBuddy\n  # print(my_dog.__age)  # \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff1aAttributeError: 'Dog' object has no attribute '__age'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u9b54\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u9b54\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__str__<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u8868\u73b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__repr__<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u5b98\u65b9\u201d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__len__<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>len()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u957f\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__add__<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__getitem__<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Dog:\n      def __init__(self, name, age):\n          self.name = name\n          self.age = age\n\n      def __str__(self):\n          return f\"{self.name} is {self.age} years old\"\n\n  my_dog = Dog(\"Buddy\", 3)\n  print(my_dog)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aBuddy is 3 years old<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. <strong>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9b54\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\u5982 <code>+<\/code>, <code>-<\/code> \u7b49\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  class Point:\n      def __init__(self, x, y):\n          self.x = x\n          self.y = y\n\n      def __add__(self, other):\n          return Point(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)\n\n      def __str__(self):\n          return f\"Point({self.x}, {self.y})\"\n\n  p1 = Point(2, 3)\n  p2 = Point(4, 5)\n  p3 = p1 + p2  # \u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684 + \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\n  print(p3)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aPoint(6, 8)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3 Python \u4e2d\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u591a\u6001\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u7b49\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u9b54\u6cd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u589e\u5f3a\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684 Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 Python \u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u7c7b\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1476"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1477,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions\/1477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}