{"id":1479,"date":"2025-02-09T09:53:32","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T01:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=1479"},"modified":"2025-02-09T09:53:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T01:53:33","slug":"python-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e4%b8%8e%e5%8c%85%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e5%92%8c%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86-python-%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/09\/python-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e4%b8%8e%e5%8c%85%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87%e5%92%8c%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86-python-%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81\/","title":{"rendered":"Python \u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u5305\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 Python \u4ee3\u7801"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u5305\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u638c\u63e1\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u5bfc\u5165\u3001\u5305\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5982 math<\/code>, random<\/code>, datetime<\/code> \u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528 pip<\/code> \u548c virtualenv<\/code> \u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u6559\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1aPython \u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u5305<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. \u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\uff1aimport<\/code>\uff0cfrom ... import<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u529f\u80fd\u7684 Python \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 import<\/code> \u6216 from ... import<\/code> \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      import math  # \u5bfc\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\n  print(math.sqrt(16))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a4.0\n\n  from math import sqrt  # \u4ece\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\n  print(sqrt(16))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a4.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a Python \u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 import<\/code> \u6216 from ... import<\/code> \u5bfc\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u7b49\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 my_module.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        # my_module.py\n  def greet(name):\n      return f\"Hello, {name}!\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u7136\u540e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        import my_module\n  print(my_module.greet(\"Alice\"))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello, Alice!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • __name__<\/code> \u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u6bcf\u4e2a Python \u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf __name__<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5219 __name__<\/code> \u4e3a '__main__'<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c__name__<\/code> \u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          # example.py\n  def hello():\n      print(\"Hello, World!\")\n\n  if __name__ == \"__main__\":  # \u53ea\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\n      hello()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u5e38\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • math<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982 sqrt()<\/code>\uff08\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\uff09\uff0cpi<\/code>\uff08\u5706\u5468\u7387\uff09\u7b49\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            import math\n  print(math.pi)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3.141592653589793<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • random<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              import random\n  print(random.randint(1, 10))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1 \u5230 10 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • datetime<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                import datetime\n  now = datetime.datetime.now()\n  print(now)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • os<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  import os\n  print(os.getcwd())  # \u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • sys<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    import sys\n  print(sys.version)  # \u8f93\u51fa Python \u7684\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  3. \u5305<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u521b\u5efa\u5305\uff1a\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e __init__.py<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a __init__.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5305\u542b\u5305\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a my_package<\/code> \u7684\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757 module1.py<\/code> \u548c module2.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      my_package\/\n      __init__.py\n      module1.py\n      module2.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    my_package\/__init__.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5305\u542b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    \u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      from my_package import module1\n  module1.some_function()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u5305\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a
                      \u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 import<\/code> \u6216 from ... import<\/code> \u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        from my_package.module1 import some_function\n  some_function()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      4. \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u4f7f\u7528 pip<\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/strong>\uff1apip<\/code> \u662f Python \u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 pip install<\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5 requests<\/code> \u5305\uff08\u7528\u4e8e HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          pip install requests<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff08virtualenv<\/code>\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 Python \u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5305\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 virtualenv<\/code> \u5de5\u5177\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u3002 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          1. \u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a virtualenv venv<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          2. \u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a
                            • \u5728 Windows \u4e0a\uff1a<\/li><\/ul>.\\venv\\Scripts\\activate<\/code>
                              • \u5728 macOS\/Linux \u4e0a\uff1a<\/li><\/ul>source venv\/bin\/activate<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u5b89\u88c5\u5305\uff1a pip install requests<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u9000\u51fa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a deactivate<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                \n\n\n\n
                                \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u638c\u63e1 Python \u4e2d\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5305\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 Python \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u6765\u9694\u79bb\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                \u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u5305\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u638c\u63e1\u6a21\u5757\u7684 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1479"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1480,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1479\/revisions\/1480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}