{"id":2095,"date":"2025-02-27T23:40:06","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2095"},"modified":"2025-02-27T23:40:06","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:40:06","slug":"javascript-%e7%b1%bb-class","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/27\/javascript-%e7%b1%bb-class\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u7c7b (class)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0cclass<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002class<\/code> \u662f ES6\uff08ECMAScript 2015\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982 Java \u6216 C++\uff09\u7684\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class ClassName {\n  constructor(parameters) {\n    \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n  }\n\n  method1() {\n    \/\/ \u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\n  }\n\n  static staticMethod() {\n    \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • constructor<\/code>\uff1a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • method1<\/code>\uff1a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • staticMethod<\/code>\uff1a\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\nclass Person {\n  constructor(name, age) {\n    this.name = name;  \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\n    this.age = age;\n  }\n\n  greet() {\n    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`);\n  }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\nconst person1 = new Person(\"Alice\", 30);\nconst person2 = new Person(\"Bob\", 25);\n\n\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\nperson1.greet();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 30 years old.\nperson2.greet();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Bob and I am 25 years old.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Person<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0cconstructor<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cgreet<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u901a\u8fc7 new Person()<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u4e86 person1<\/code> \u548c person2<\/code> \u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 extends<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\uff08\u91cd\u5199\uff09\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \/\/ \u7236\u7c7b\nclass Animal {\n  constructor(name) {\n    this.name = name;\n  }\n\n  speak() {\n    console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound.`);\n  }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n  constructor(name, breed) {\n    super(name);  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    this.breed = breed;\n  }\n\n  speak() {\n    console.log(`${this.name} barks.`);\n  }\n}\n\nconst dog = new Dog(\"Buddy\", \"Golden Retriever\");\ndog.speak();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Buddy barks.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Dog<\/code> \u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7 extends<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528 super()<\/code> \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 name<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684 speak()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        4. \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        class MathUtility {\n  static add(a, b) {\n    return a + b;\n  }\n\n  static subtract(a, b) {\n    return a - b;\n  }\n}\n\nconsole.log(MathUtility.add(5, 3));      \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 8\nconsole.log(MathUtility.subtract(5, 3)); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • add<\/code> \u548c subtract<\/code> \u662f\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 MathUtility.add()<\/code> \u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          5. \u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5668\uff08getter & setter\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 getter \u548c setter \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002getter<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff0csetter<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          class Person {\n  constructor(name) {\n    this._name = name;  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u547d\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u793a\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Getter\n  get name() {\n    return this._name;\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Setter\n  set name(value) {\n    this._name = value;\n  }\n}\n\nconst person = new Person(\"Alice\");\nconsole.log(person.name);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Alice\n\nperson.name = \"Bob\";\nconsole.log(person.name);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Bob<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • name<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a getter \u548c setter\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539 _name<\/code> \u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            6. \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            class Car {\n  constructor(make, model) {\n    this.make = make;  \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\n    this.model = model;\n  }\n\n  static manufacturer = \"Toyota\";  \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\n}\n\nconst car1 = new Car(\"Corolla\", \"2023\");\n\nconsole.log(car1.make);          \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Corolla\nconsole.log(Car.manufacturer);   \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Toyota<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • make<\/code> \u548c model<\/code> \u662f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • manufacturer<\/code> \u662f\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              7. \u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u7684 this<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              class Counter {\n  constructor() {\n    this.count = 0;\n    this.increment = () => {\n      this.count++;\n      console.log(this.count);\n    };\n  }\n}\n\nconst counter = new Counter();\ncounter.increment();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 1\ncounter.increment();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cincrement<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u7684 this<\/code> \u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411 Counter<\/code> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff0cconstructor<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0cmethod<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 extends<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\uff0csuper()<\/code> \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • getter & setter<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 getter \u548c setter \u63a7\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u5c5e\u6027\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u7684 this<\/code> \u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                  \u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0cclass \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002cl […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-javascript"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2095"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2096,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2095\/revisions\/2096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}