{"id":2098,"date":"2025-02-27T23:41:23","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:41:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2098"},"modified":"2025-02-27T23:41:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:41:23","slug":"javascript-%e7%b1%bb%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf-inheritance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/27\/javascript-%e7%b1%bb%e7%bb%a7%e6%89%bf-inheritance\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f (Inheritance)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\uff08\u5b50\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba9\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\uff08\u7236\u7c7b\uff09\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u901a\u8fc7 <code>extends<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class ChildClass extends ParentClass {\n  constructor() {\n    super();  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    \/\/ \u5b50\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\n  }\n\n  \/\/ \u5b50\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>extends<\/code>\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8868\u793a <code>ChildClass<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f <code>ParentClass<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>super()<\/code>\uff1a\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50\u7c7b\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>super<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Animal {\n  constructor(name) {\n    this.name = name;\n  }\n\n  speak() {\n    console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound.`);\n  }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n  constructor(name, breed) {\n    super(name);  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    this.breed = breed;\n  }\n\n  speak() {\n    console.log(`${this.name} barks.`);\n  }\n}\n\nconst dog = new Dog(\"Buddy\", \"Golden Retriever\");\ndog.speak();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Buddy barks.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Dog<\/code> \u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7 <code>extends<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 <code>Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>super(name)<\/code> \u8c03\u7528\u4e86 <code>Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 <code>name<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Dog<\/code> \u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u4e86 <code>speak()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u4f7f\u7528 <code>super<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>super()<\/code> \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code>super.methodName()<\/code> \u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Person {\n  constructor(name, age) {\n    this.name = name;\n    this.age = age;\n  }\n\n  greet() {\n    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`);\n  }\n}\n\nclass Student extends Person {\n  constructor(name, age, school) {\n    super(name, age);  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    this.school = school;\n  }\n\n  greet() {\n    super.greet();  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684 greet \u65b9\u6cd5\n    console.log(`I study at ${this.school}.`);\n  }\n}\n\nconst student = new Student(\"Alice\", 20, \"Harvard\");\nstudent.greet();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 20 years old. I study at Harvard.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Student<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 <code>Person<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u91cd\u5199\u4e86 <code>greet()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>super.greet()<\/code> \u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684 <code>greet()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Animal {\n  static info() {\n    console.log(\"Animals are living beings.\");\n  }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n  static info() {\n    super.info();  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\n    console.log(\"Dogs are domestic animals.\");\n  }\n}\n\nDog.info();\n\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa:\n\/\/ Animals are living beings.\n\/\/ Dogs are domestic animals.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>info()<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b <code>Dog<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 <code>Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 <code>super.info()<\/code> \u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528 <code>super()<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee <code>this<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Animal {\n  constructor(name) {\n    this.name = name;\n  }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n  constructor(name, breed) {\n    super(name);  \/\/ \u5fc5\u987b\u8c03\u7528 super()\n    this.breed = breed;\n  }\n}\n\nconst dog = new Dog(\"Buddy\", \"Golden Retriever\");\nconsole.log(dog.name);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Buddy\nconsole.log(dog.breed);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Golden Retriever<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Dog<\/code> \u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 <code>super(name)<\/code> \u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea <code>Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u7684 <code>name<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u5199\u67d0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c06\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Animal {\n  speak() {\n    console.log(\"Animal makes a sound\");\n  }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n  speak() {\n    console.log(\"Dog barks\");\n  }\n}\n\nconst dog = new Dog();\ndog.speak();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Dog barks<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Dog<\/code> \u91cd\u5199\u4e86 <code>speak()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u8c03\u7528 <code>dog.speak()<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u591a\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>JavaScript \u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u7236\u7c7b\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Animal {\n  speak() {\n    console.log(\"Animal makes a sound\");\n  }\n}\n\nclass Mammal extends Animal {\n  walk() {\n    console.log(\"Mammal walks\");\n  }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Mammal {\n  speak() {\n    console.log(\"Dog barks\");\n  }\n}\n\nconst dog = new Dog();\ndog.speak();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Dog barks\ndog.walk();   \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Mammal walks<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Dog<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 <code>Mammal<\/code>\uff0c\u800c <code>Mammal<\/code> \u53c8\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 <code>Animal<\/code>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>extends<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>super()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u591a\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\uff0cJavaScript \u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\uff08\u5b50\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba9\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\uff08\u7236\u7c7b\uff09\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7ee7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-javascript"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2098"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2099,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2098\/revisions\/2099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}