{"id":2112,"date":"2025-02-27T23:50:59","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2112"},"modified":"2025-02-27T23:50:59","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T15:50:59","slug":"javascript-html-dom-%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0-%e8%8a%82%e7%82%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/27\/javascript-html-dom-%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0-%e8%8a%82%e7%82%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript HTML DOM \u5143\u7d20 (\u8282\u70b9)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5728 HTML DOM \u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5982\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u6784\u6210 DOM \u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 JavaScript \u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u6587\u672c\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u8282\u70b9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 DOM \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> (<code>ELEMENT_NODE<\/code>): \u5bf9\u5e94 HTML \u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5982 <code>&lt;div><\/code>\u3001<code>&lt;p><\/code> \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6587\u672c\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> (<code>TEXT_NODE<\/code>): \u5305\u542b\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5c5e\u6027\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> (<code>ATTRIBUTE_NODE<\/code>): HTML \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 <code>class<\/code>\u3001<code>id<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> (<code>COMMENT_NODE<\/code>): \u6ce8\u91ca\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5982 <code>&lt;!-- comment --><\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u83b7\u53d6 DOM \u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>JavaScript \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee DOM \u5143\u7d20\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>getElementById()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u7684 <code>id<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>getElementsByClassName()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>getElementsByTagName()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>querySelector()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e CSS \u9009\u62e9\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>querySelectorAll()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e CSS \u9009\u62e9\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;div id=\"myDiv\" class=\"myClass\"&gt;Hello World&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;p id=\"myPara\"&gt;This is a paragraph.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\n&lt;script&gt;\n  const div = document.getElementById(\"myDiv\");\n  const p = document.querySelector(\"#myPara\");\n\n  console.log(div); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa &lt;div id=\"myDiv\" class=\"myClass\"&gt;Hello World&lt;\/div&gt;\n  console.log(p);   \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa &lt;p id=\"myPara\"&gt;This is a paragraph.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;\/script&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. DOM \u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DOM \u5143\u7d20\uff08\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b83\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>id<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5143\u7d20\u7684 <code>id<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>className<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5143\u7d20\u7684 <code>class<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>innerHTML<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5143\u7d20\u7684 HTML \u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>innerText<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>style<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u884c\u5185\u6837\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>setAttribute(name, value)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>getAttribute(name)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>removeAttribute(name)<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>appendChild()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5411\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>removeChild()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>createElement()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684 HTML \u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>createTextNode()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u672c\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;div id=\"myDiv\" class=\"myClass\"&gt;Hello World&lt;\/div&gt;\n\n&lt;script&gt;\n  const div = document.getElementById(\"myDiv\");\n\n  \/\/ \u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\n  div.className = \"newClass\";         \/\/ \u4fee\u6539 class\n  div.id = \"newId\";                  \/\/ \u4fee\u6539 id\n  div.innerHTML = \"New Content\";      \/\/ \u4fee\u6539 HTML \u5185\u5bb9\n  div.style.color = \"red\";           \/\/ \u4fee\u6539\u6837\u5f0f\n\n  \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\/\u83b7\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027\n  div.setAttribute(\"data-info\", \"example\");\n  console.log(div.getAttribute(\"data-info\"));  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa \"example\"\n\n  \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\n  const newPara = document.createElement(\"p\");\n  newPara.innerHTML = \"This is a new paragraph.\";\n  div.appendChild(newPara);  \/\/ \u5c06\u65b0\u6bb5\u843d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a myDiv \u7684\u5b50\u5143\u7d20\n&lt;\/script&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DOM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u904d\u5386\u8282\u70b9\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>parentNode<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>childNodes<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u672c\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>firstChild<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>lastChild<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>nextSibling<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>previousSibling<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;div id=\"parent\"&gt;\n  &lt;p&gt;This is a paragraph.&lt;\/p&gt;\n  &lt;p&gt;This is another paragraph.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n\n&lt;script&gt;\n  const parentDiv = document.getElementById(\"parent\");\n  const childNodes = parentDiv.childNodes;\n\n  console.log(childNodes);   \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u672c\u8282\u70b9\uff09\n  console.log(parentDiv.firstChild);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n  console.log(parentDiv.lastChild);   \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n&lt;\/script&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DOM \u5143\u7d20\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u5668\u4e0e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;button id=\"myButton\"&gt;Click Me!&lt;\/button&gt;\n\n&lt;script&gt;\n  const button = document.getElementById(\"myButton\");\n\n  \/\/ \u4e3a\u6309\u94ae\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\n  button.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\n    alert(\"Button clicked!\");\n  });\n&lt;\/script&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DOM \u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> \u662f\u6784\u6210\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868 HTML \u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 JavaScript \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664 DOM \u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386<\/strong> \u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5144\u5f1f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 <strong>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u5668<\/strong> \u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>JavaScript \u7684 DOM \u5143\u7d20\u64cd\u4f5c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 HTML DOM \u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5982\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u6784\u6210 DOM \u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-javascript"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2113,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2112\/revisions\/2113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}