{"id":2268,"date":"2025-03-03T23:09:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T15:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2268"},"modified":"2025-03-03T23:09:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T15:09:20","slug":"java-%e5%ba%8f%e5%88%97%e5%8c%96%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/03\/java-%e5%ba%8f%e5%88%97%e5%8c%96%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90\/","title":{"rendered":"Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08Serialization\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a \u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/strong> \u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08Deserialization\uff09\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002Java \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 Serializable<\/code><\/strong> \u548c Externalizable<\/code><\/strong> \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528 RMI\u3001WebService\u3001RPC \u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 Redis \u7f13\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d<\/strong>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u5982\u4f55\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Java \u63d0\u4f9b ObjectOutputStream<\/code><\/strong> \u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • ObjectInputStream<\/code><\/strong> \u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0 Serializable<\/code><\/strong> \u6216 Externalizable<\/code><\/strong> \u63a5\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      2. \u4f7f\u7528 Serializable<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Serializable<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bb0\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2.1 \u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      import java.io.*;\n\n\/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0 Serializable \u63a5\u53e3\nclass Person implements Serializable {\n    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7248\u672c\u53f7\n    private String name;\n    private int age;\n\n    public Person(String name, int age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"Person{name='\" + name + \"', age=\" + age + \"}\";\n    }\n}\n\npublic class SerializationTest {\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {\n        Person person = new Person(\"Alice\", 25);\n\n        \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(\"person.ser\"));\n        oos.writeObject(person);\n        oos.close();\n\n        \/\/ \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(\"person.ser\"));\n        Person deserializedPerson = (Person) ois.readObject();\n        ois.close();\n\n        System.out.println(\"\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61: \" + deserializedPerson);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      2.2 serialVersionUID<\/code> \u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • serialVersionUID<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u7c7b\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u66f4\u540e\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5982\u679c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a serialVersionUID<\/code>\uff0cJava \u9ed8\u8ba4\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4 InvalidClassException<\/code>\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5efa\u8bae\u663e\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49 serialVersionUID<\/code><\/strong> \u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        3. Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        3.1 transient<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        transient<\/code><\/strong> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u963b\u6b62\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        class Account implements Serializable {\n    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;\n    private String username;\n    private transient String password; \/\/ \u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n\n    public Account(String username, String password) {\n        this.username = username;\n        this.password = password;\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"Account{username='\" + username + \"', password='\" + password + \"'}\";\n    }\n}\n\npublic class Test {\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {\n        Account account = new Account(\"user1\", \"secret\");\n\n        \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(\"account.ser\"));\n        oos.writeObject(account);\n        oos.close();\n\n        \/\/ \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(\"account.ser\"));\n        Account deserializedAccount = (Account) ois.readObject();\n        ois.close();\n\n        System.out.println(\"\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61: \" + deserializedAccount);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6ce8\u610f password<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61: Account{username='user1', password='null'}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        3.2 static<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        static<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b<\/strong>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        class TestStatic implements Serializable {\n    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;\n    static int staticVar = 100;\n}\n\npublic class Test {\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {\n        TestStatic obj = new TestStatic();\n        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(\"test.ser\"));\n        oos.writeObject(obj);\n        oos.close();\n\n        \/\/ \u4fee\u6539\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\n        TestStatic.staticVar = 200;\n\n        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(\"test.ser\"));\n        TestStatic deserializedObj = (TestStatic) ois.readObject();\n        ois.close();\n\n        System.out.println(\"\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7684 staticVar: \" + TestStatic.staticVar); \/\/ 200\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u5373\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u503c\uff08200\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u4e3a 100\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        4. \u4f7f\u7528 Externalizable<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        Externalizable<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u81ea Serializable<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6c42\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0 writeExternal()<\/code> \u548c readExternal()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        4.1 Externalizable<\/code> \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        import java.io.*;\n\nclass User implements Externalizable {\n    private String username;\n    private String password; \/\/ \u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8\n\n    public User() {} \/\/ \u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\n\n    public User(String username, String password) {\n        this.username = username;\n        this.password = password;\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {\n        out.writeObject(username);\n        out.writeObject(encrypt(password)); \/\/ \u52a0\u5bc6\u5b58\u50a8\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {\n        username = (String) in.readObject();\n        password = decrypt((String) in.readObject()); \/\/ \u89e3\u5bc6\n    }\n\n    private String encrypt(String data) {\n        return new StringBuilder(data).reverse().toString(); \/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u53cd\u8f6c\u52a0\u5bc6\n    }\n\n    private String decrypt(String data) {\n        return new StringBuilder(data).reverse().toString(); \/\/ \u53cd\u8f6c\u89e3\u5bc6\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"User{username='\" + username + \"', password='\" + password + \"'}\";\n    }\n}\n\npublic class Test {\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {\n        User user = new User(\"admin\", \"12345\");\n\n        \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(\"user.ser\"));\n        oos.writeObject(user);\n        oos.close();\n\n        \/\/ \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\n        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(\"user.ser\"));\n        User deserializedUser = (User) ois.readObject();\n        ois.close();\n\n        System.out.println(\"\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61: \" + deserializedUser);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        Externalizable<\/code> \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5bc6\/\u89e3\u5bc6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          5. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          5.1 NotSerializableException<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0 Serializable<\/code>\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65f6\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          java.io.NotSerializableException: ClassName<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba9\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0 Serializable<\/code> \u6216 Externalizable<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          5.2 \u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u5982\u679c\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          InvalidClassException: local class incompatible: stream classdesc serialVersionUID = 1L, local class serialVersionUID = 2L<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u624b\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4 serialVersionUID<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \u65b9\u5f0f<\/th>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/th>\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          Serializable<\/code><\/td>\u666e\u901a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u4f20\u8f93<\/td>\u81ea\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528<\/td><\/tr>
          Externalizable<\/code><\/td>\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u903b\u8f91<\/td>\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0 writeExternal()<\/code> \u548c readExternal()<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          Java \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08Serialization\uff09 \u662f\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff08 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-java"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2268"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2269,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2268\/revisions\/2269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}