{"id":2405,"date":"2025-03-05T23:19:09","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T15:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2405"},"modified":"2025-03-05T23:19:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-05T15:19:09","slug":"sqlite-%e4%b8%8e-python-%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/05\/sqlite-%e4%b8%8e-python-%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"SQLite \u4e0e Python \u7684\u4f7f\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

SQLite \u4e0e Python – \u8be6\u7ec6\u6559\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

SQLite \u662f Python \u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u684c\u9762\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u6267\u884c SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 ORM\uff08SQLAlchemy\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. \u5b89\u88c5 SQLite \u548c Python<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

SQLite \u662f Python \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

python -c \"import sqlite3; print(sqlite3.version)\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa SQLite \u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u793a sqlite3<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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2. \u8fde\u63a5 SQLite \u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
import sqlite3\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\uff09\nconn = sqlite3.connect(\"test.db\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\ncursor = conn.cursor()\n\nprint(\"\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5 SQLite \u6570\u636e\u5e93\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
SQLite \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 test.db<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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3. \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"\"\"\n    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (\n        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,\n        name TEXT NOT NULL,\n        age INTEGER NOT NULL\n    )\n\"\"\")\nconn.commit()\nprint(\"\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
AUTOINCREMENT<\/code> \u8ba9 id<\/code> \u81ea\u52a8\u9012\u589e\uff0cNOT NULL<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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4. \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)\", (\"Alice\", 25))\ncursor.execute(\"INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)\", (\"Bob\", 30))\nconn.commit()\nprint(\"\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u6210\u529f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4f7f\u7528 ?<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u9632\u6b62 SQL \u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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5. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"SELECT * FROM users\")\nrows = cursor.fetchall()  # \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\n\nfor row in rows:\n    print(f\"ID: {row[0]}, \u59d3\u540d: {row[1]}, \u5e74\u9f84: {row[2]}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
fetchall()<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > ?\", (26,))\nrows = cursor.fetchall()\n\nfor row in rows:\n    print(f\"\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237: {row}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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6. \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"UPDATE users SET age = ? WHERE name = ?\", (28, \"Alice\"))\nconn.commit()\nprint(\"\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u6210\u529f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
UPDATE users SET age = 28 WHERE name = 'Alice'<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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7. \u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"DELETE FROM users WHERE name = ?\", (\"Bob\",))\nconn.commit()\nprint(\"\u6570\u636e\u5220\u9664\u6210\u529f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
DELETE FROM users WHERE name = 'Bob'<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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8. \u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
try:\n    conn.execute(\"BEGIN\")  # \u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1\n    cursor.execute(\"INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)\", (\"Eve\", 22))\n    cursor.execute(\"INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)\", (\"David\", 35))\n    conn.commit()  # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\n    print(\"\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u6210\u529f\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n    conn.rollback()  # \u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u6eda\n    print(\"\u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u6eda:\", e)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u6761 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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9. \u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
cursor.close()\nconn.close()\nprint(\"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u5173\u95ed\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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10. \u4f7f\u7528 with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
with sqlite3.connect(\"test.db\") as conn:\n    cursor = conn.cursor()\n    cursor.execute(\"SELECT * FROM users\")\n    for row in cursor.fetchall():\n        print(row)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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11. \u4f7f\u7528 Pandas \u8bfb\u53d6 SQLite \u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 pandas<\/code> \u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6 SQLite \u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import pandas as pd\n\nconn = sqlite3.connect(\"test.db\")\ndf = pd.read_sql_query(\"SELECT * FROM users\", conn)\nconn.close()\n\nprint(df)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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12. \u4f7f\u7528 SQLAlchemy\uff08ORM \u64cd\u4f5c SQLite\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
SQLAlchemy \u662f Python \u5f3a\u5927\u7684 ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u5199 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88c5 SQLAlchemy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 ORM \u64cd\u4f5c SQLite<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, sessionmaker\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\nengine = create_engine(\"sqlite:\/\/\/test.db\", echo=True)\nBase = declarative_base()\n\n# \u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\nclass User(Base):\n    __tablename__ = \"users\"\n    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)\n    name = Column(String, nullable=False)\n    age = Column(Integer, nullable=False)\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u8868\nBase.metadata.create_all(engine)\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd\nSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)\nsession = Session()\n\n# \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\nnew_user = User(name=\"Charlie\", age=27)\nsession.add(new_user)\nsession.commit()\n\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\nusers = session.query(User).all()\nfor user in users:\n    print(f\"ID: {user.id}, \u59d3\u540d: {user.name}, \u5e74\u9f84: {user.age}\")\n\n# \u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd\nsession.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u901a\u8fc7 ORM\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5199 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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13. SQLite \u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
13.1. \u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_name ON users(name)\")\nconn.commit()\nprint(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
13.2. \u542f\u7528 WAL \u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cursor.execute(\"PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL;\")\nprint(\"WAL \u6a21\u5f0f\u542f\u7528\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
13.3. \u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
conn_ro = sqlite3.connect(\"file:test.db?mode=ro\", uri=True)\nprint(\"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/th>SQL \u8bed\u53e5<\/th>Python \u4ee3\u7801<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/td>sqlite3.connect(\"test.db\")<\/code><\/td>sqlite3.connect(...)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/td>CREATE TABLE ...<\/code><\/td>cursor.execute(...)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)<\/code><\/td>cursor.execute(...)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>SELECT * FROM users<\/code><\/td>cursor.fetchall()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>UPDATE users SET age = ? WHERE name = ?<\/code><\/td>cursor.execute(...)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>DELETE FROM users WHERE name = ?<\/code><\/td>cursor.execute(...)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/td>BEGIN TRANSACTION<\/code><\/td>conn.execute(\"BEGIN\")<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u684c\u9762\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5c0f\u578b Web \u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 Flask\/Django\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 Android \u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff08\u7ed3\u5408 Pandas\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 MySQL \u6216 PostgreSQL\uff0c\u4f46 SQLite \u4f9d\u7136\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    SQLite \u4e0e Python – \u8be6\u7ec6\u6559\u7a0b SQLite \u662f Python \u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sqlite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2405"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2406,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2405\/revisions\/2406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}