{"id":2417,"date":"2025-03-06T23:12:53","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2417"},"modified":"2025-03-06T23:13:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:13:26","slug":"mongodb-shell%ef%bc%88mongosh%ef%bc%89%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/06\/mongodb-shell%ef%bc%88mongosh%ef%bc%89%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB Shell\uff08mongosh\uff09\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MongoDB Shell \u662f MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u4e0e MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002MongoDB Shell \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e JavaScript \u7684\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u8005\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b MongoDB Shell (mongosh<\/code>) \u5b9e\u6218\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684 \u589e\u3001\u5220\u3001\u6539\u3001\u67e5<\/strong> \u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. \u8fde\u63a5 MongoDB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mongosh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Connecting to: mongodb:\/\/127.0.0.1:27017\nMongoDB Server version: 7.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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2. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa \/ \u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
use myDatabase<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c myDatabase<\/code> \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cMongoDB \u4f1a\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show dbs<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.dropDatabase()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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3. \u96c6\u5408\uff08Collection\uff09\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u521b\u5efa\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.createCollection(\"users\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
show collections<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.drop()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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4. \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u63d2\u5165\u5355\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.insertOne({ name: \"Alice\", age: 25, city: \"New York\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u63d2\u5165\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.insertMany([\n  { name: \"Bob\", age: 30, city: \"London\" },\n  { name: \"Charlie\", age: 28, city: \"Tokyo\" },\n  { name: \"David\", age: 35, city: \"New York\" }\n])<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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5. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find().pretty()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u5355\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.findOne({ name: \"Alice\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709 city \u4e3a “New York”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find({ city: \"New York\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6ee1\u8db3\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2 age > 28 \u4e14 city \u662f “New York”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 28 }, city: \"New York\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6ee1\u8db3\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff08$or\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2 city \u662f “New York” \u6216\u8005 “London”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find({ $or: [ { city: \"New York\" }, { city: \"London\" } ] })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6295\u5f71\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de name \u548c city\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de _id\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find({}, { name: 1, city: 1, _id: 0 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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6. \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u5355\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u628a \"Alice\"<\/code> \u7684 age<\/code> \u6539\u6210 26<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.updateOne({ name: \"Alice\" }, { $set: { age: 26 } })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u628a\u6240\u6709 city \u4e3a “New York”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237 \u589e\u52a0\u5b57\u6bb5 country=”USA”<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.updateMany({ city: \"New York\" }, { $set: { country: \"USA\" } })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 $inc<\/code> \u589e\u52a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u8ba9\u6240\u6709 city \u4e3a “Tokyo”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237 \u5e74\u9f84\u589e\u52a0 2 \u5c81<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.updateMany({ city: \"Tokyo\" }, { $inc: { age: 2 } })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
7. \u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u5355\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664 name=”Charlie”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.deleteOne({ name: \"Charlie\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u591a\u6761\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709 city=”London”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.deleteMany({ city: \"London\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6e05\u7a7a\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.deleteMany({})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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8. \u7edf\u8ba1 & \u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7edf\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.countDocuments()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7edf\u8ba1 city=”New York”<\/strong> \u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.countDocuments({ city: \"New York\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6309 age \u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find().sort({ age: -1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6309 age \u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5217<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find().sort({ age: 1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u7b2c 2 \u9875<\/strong>\uff08\u6bcf\u9875 2 \u6761\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.find().skip(2).limit(2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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9. \u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 name<\/strong> \u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.createIndex({ name: 1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.getIndexes()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
db.users.dropIndex({ name: 1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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10. \u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5f00\u542f\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
session = db.getMongo().startSession()\nsession.startTransaction()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
usersCollection = session.getDatabase(\"myDatabase\").users\nusersCollection.insertOne({ name: \"Eve\", age: 27 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
session.commitTransaction()\nsession.endSession()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
session.abortTransaction()\nsession.endSession()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
11. \u9000\u51fa MongoDB Shell<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6216\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
.quit()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u64cd\u4f5c<\/th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/td>use myDatabase<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/td>show dbs<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u521b\u5efa\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/td>db.createCollection(\"users\")<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>db.users.insertOne({...})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>db.users.find({city: \"New York\"})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>db.users.updateOne({name: \"Alice\"}, { $set: { age: 26 } })<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>db.users.deleteOne({name: \"Bob\"})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u5220\u9664\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/td>db.users.drop()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/td>db.dropDatabase()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/td>db.users.countDocuments()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/td>db.users.createIndex({name: 1})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/td>session.startTransaction()<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f MongoDB Shell (mongosh<\/code>) \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff01\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b98\u65b9\u5b89\u88c5\u8bf4\u660e\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/zh-cn\/docs\/mongodb-shell\/install\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
MongoDB Shell \u662f MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u4e0e MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mongodb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2417"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2420,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2417\/revisions\/2420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}