{"id":2443,"date":"2025-03-06T23:28:17","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:28:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2443"},"modified":"2025-03-06T23:28:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T15:28:17","slug":"mongodb-%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/06\/mongodb-%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB \u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 MongoDB \u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\u662f\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u6761\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528 Mongo Shell \u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 find()<\/code>\u3001findOne()<\/code>\u3001countDocuments()<\/code> \u7b49\uff0c\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u57fa\u672c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\uff1a
    \u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 find()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
       db.users.find()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de users<\/code> \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u67e5\u8be2\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\uff1a
      \u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u6863\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2 age<\/code> \u4e3a 25 \u7684\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
         db.users.find({ age: 25 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. \u67e5\u8be2\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\uff1a
        \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u67e5\u8be2\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 findOne()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
           db.users.findOne({ name: \"Alice\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a name<\/code> \u4e3a “Alice” \u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. \u9650\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a
          \u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u5f71\uff08projection\uff09\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684 name<\/code> \u548c age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
             db.users.find({}, { name: 1, age: 1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u8fd9\u5c06\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de name<\/code> \u548c age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. \u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a
            \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\uff0cMongoDB \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e AND<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2 age<\/code> \u4e3a 25 \u4e14 city<\/code> \u4e3a “New York” \u7684\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
               db.users.find({ age: 25, city: \"New York\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. \u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/strong>\uff1a
              MongoDB \u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • $gt<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • $lt<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • $gte<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • $lte<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • $ne<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2 age<\/code> \u5927\u4e8e 30 \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                   db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 30 } })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. \u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • $or<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91 “\u6216”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • $and<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91 “\u4e0e”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • $not<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91 “\u975e” \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2 age<\/code> \u5927\u4e8e 30 \u6216 city<\/code> \u4e3a “Los Angeles” \u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                       db.users.find({\n     $or: [\n       { age: { $gt: 30 } },\n       { city: \"Los Angeles\" }\n     ]\n   })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    1. \u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a
                      MongoDB \u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709 name<\/code> \u4ee5 “A” \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                         db.users.find({ name: \/^A\/ })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      1. \u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a
                        \u4f7f\u7528 skip()<\/code> \u548c limit()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3002skip()<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8df3\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u6863\uff0climit()<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u4ece\u7b2c 11 \u6761\u5f00\u59cb\u7684 5 \u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                           db.users.find().skip(10).limit(5)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        1. \u6392\u5e8f\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a
                          \u4f7f\u7528 sort()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 1<\/code>\uff08\u5347\u5e8f\uff09\u548c -1<\/code>\uff08\u964d\u5e8f\uff09\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6309 age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a db.users.find().sort({ age: 1 })<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        2. \u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53bb\u91cd<\/strong>\uff1a
                          \u4f7f\u7528 distinct()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u627e users<\/code> \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 city<\/code> \u503c\uff1a
                          bash db.users.distinct(\"city\")<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n
                          2. \u4f7f\u7528 MongoDB \u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          \u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684 MongoDB \u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Node.js<\/strong> \u548c Python<\/strong> \u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          Node.js \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                          \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 MongoDB Node.js \u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          npm install mongodb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');\n\n\/\/ MongoDB URI\nconst uri = \"mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\";\n\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa MongoDB \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\nconst client = new MongoClient(uri);\n\nasync function queryDocument() {\n  try {\n    \/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 MongoDB\n    await client.connect();\n    console.log(\"\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 MongoDB\");\n\n    \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n    const db = client.db(\"myDatabase\");\n\n    \/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\n    const users = await db.collection(\"users\").find().toArray();\n    console.log(\"\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237:\", users);\n\n    \/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\n    const user = await db.collection(\"users\").findOne({ name: \"Alice\" });\n    console.log(\"\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u7684\u7528\u6237:\", user);\n\n    \/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\n    const result = await db.collection(\"users\").find({ age: { $gt: 30 }, city: \"New York\" }).toArray();\n    console.log(\"\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237:\", result);\n\n  } finally {\n    await client.close();\n  }\n}\n\nqueryDocument().catch(console.error);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          Python \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                          \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 pymongo<\/code> \u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          pip install pymongo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          from pymongo import MongoClient\n\n# MongoDB URI\nuri = \"mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\"\n\n# \u521b\u5efa MongoDB \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\nclient = MongoClient(uri)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\ndb = client[\"myDatabase\"]\n\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\nusers = db[\"users\"].find()\nfor user in users:\n    print(user)\n\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\nuser = db[\"users\"].find_one({ \"name\": \"Alice\" })\nprint(\"\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u7684\u7528\u6237:\", user)\n\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\nresult = db[\"users\"].find({ \"age\": { \"$gt\": 30 }, \"city\": \"New York\" })\nfor user in result:\n    print(user)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n
                          3. \u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • $gt<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $gte<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $lt<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $lte<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $ne<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $in<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u503c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $nin<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $exists<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $regex<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $and<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $or<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u6216<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $not<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u975e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • $elemMatch<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n
                            4. \u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • \u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1aMongoDB \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6548\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u9650\u5236\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u8fc7\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u6b63\u5219\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982 .*<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                              \n\n\n\n
                              \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                              MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u9875\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                              \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                              \u5728 MongoDB \u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u6863\u662f\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mongodb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2443"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2444,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443\/revisions\/2444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}