{"id":2455,"date":"2025-03-07T22:56:16","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T14:56:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2455"},"modified":"2025-03-07T22:56:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T14:56:16","slug":"mongodb-%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%ef%bc%88index%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/07\/mongodb-%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%ef%bc%88index%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB \u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MongoDB \u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u5feb\u6570\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b createIndex()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a name<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

db.products.createIndex({ name: 1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • 1<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u5347\u5e8f\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5feb\u6309 name<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • -1<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u964d\u5e8f\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    2. \u67e5\u8be2\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    db.products.getIndexes()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    3. \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    db.products.dropIndex({ name: 1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u5220\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    db.products.dropIndexes()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    4. \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Compound Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e3a category<\/code> \u548c price<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    db.products.createIndex({ category: 1, price: -1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u6309 category<\/code> \u5347\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0cprice<\/code> \u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • db.products.find({ category: \"electronics\" })<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • db.products.find({ category: \"electronics\" }).sort({ price: -1 })<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u53ea\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684<\/strong> \u201c\u524d\u7f00\u5339\u914d\u201d<\/strong> \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u2705 \u53ef\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong> \u2192 { category: \"electronics\" }<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u2705 \u53ef\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong> \u2192 { category: \"electronics\", price: { $gt: 100 } }<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u274c \u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong> \u2192 { price: { $gt: 100 } }<\/code>\uff08\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7d22\u5f15\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        5. \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Unique Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u9632\u6b62\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684 UNIQUE<\/code> \u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u521b\u5efa email<\/code> \u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 }, { unique: true })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u5982\u679c email<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u5df2\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdd\u53cd\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          6. \u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Partial Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u5f15\u53ea\u5bf9\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7d22\u5f15\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \u4ec5\u4e3a status=\"active\"<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u6863\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          db.users.createIndex({ age: 1 }, { partialFilterExpression: { status: \"active\" } })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          7. \u7a00\u758f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Sparse Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u7f3a\u5c11\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\u3002
          Sparse Index<\/code> \u4ec5\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7d22\u5f15\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \u4e3a phone<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u7a00\u758f\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          db.users.createIndex({ phone: 1 }, { sparse: true })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e phone<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4f46\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u9700\u6ce8\u610f null<\/code> \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            8. TTL \u7d22\u5f15\uff08Time-To-Live Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            TTL \u7d22\u5f15\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \u521b\u5efa createdAt<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684 TTL \u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f7f\u6587\u6863\u5728 7 \u5929\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            db.logs.createIndex({ createdAt: 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 604800 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd createdAt<\/code> \u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f ISODate<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • MongoDB \u81ea\u52a8\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              9. \u6587\u672c\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Text Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u641c\u7d22\u6587\u672c<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \u4e3a title<\/code> \u548c description<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              db.articles.createIndex({ title: \"text\", description: \"text\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \u4f7f\u7528 $text<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              db.articles.find({ $text: { $search: \"mongodb tutorial\" } })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b<\/strong>\uff0ctext<\/code> \u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u4f1a\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                10. \u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Geospatial Index\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                MongoDB \u652f\u6301 2D \u5e73\u9762\u548c\u7403\u9762\u5750\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5730\u56fe\u3001LBS\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u7b49\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                \u521b\u5efa 2D \u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                db.places.createIndex({ location: \"2d\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \u521b\u5efa 2D \u7403\u9762\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e GPS \u5750\u6807\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                db.places.createIndex({ location: \"2dsphere\" })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \u67e5\u8be2\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                db.places.find({\n  location: {\n    $near: {\n      $geometry: { type: \"Point\", coordinates: [ 40.7128, -74.0060 ] },\n      $maxDistance: 5000  \/\/ 5 \u516c\u91cc\u8303\u56f4\u5185\n    }\n  }\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                11. \u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b explain()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                db.products.find({ price: { $gt: 100 } }).explain(\"executionStats\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \u5982\u679c \"indexScan\"<\/code> \u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u7d22\u5f15\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5426\u5219 MongoDB \u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                12. \u7d22\u5f15\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\u9700\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. \u4f18\u5148\u7d22\u5f15\u5e38\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 userId<\/code>\u3001email<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. \u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 { category: 1, price: -1 }<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. \u9002\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff08\u907f\u514d\u5360\u7528\u592a\u591a\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                4. \u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u4f7f\u7528 text<\/code> \u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                5. \u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u7d22\u5f15\u5339\u914d\u67e5\u8be2\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                     db.products.find({ category: \"electronics\" }).sort({ price: -1 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 { category: 1, price: -1 }<\/code> \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \u7d22\u5f15\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                    \u5355\u5b57\u6bb5\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u52a0\u901f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>{ name: 1 }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>{ category: 1, price: -1 }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b57\u6bb5\u552f\u4e00\u6027<\/td>{ email: 1 }, { unique: true }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    \u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u4ec5\u5bf9\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>{ age: 1 }, { partialFilterExpression: { status: \"active\" } }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    \u7a00\u758f\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u4ec5\u7d22\u5f15\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/td>{ phone: 1 }, { sparse: true }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    TTL \u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u8fc7\u671f<\/td>{ createdAt: 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 3600 }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    \u6587\u672c\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u5168\u6587\u641c\u7d22<\/td>{ title: \"text\" }<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                    \u5730\u7406\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>{ location: \"2dsphere\" }<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                    \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347 MongoDB \u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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