{"id":2459,"date":"2025-03-07T23:00:27","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T15:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2459"},"modified":"2025-03-07T23:00:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T15:00:27","slug":"mongodb-%e5%a4%8d%e5%88%b6%ef%bc%88%e5%89%af%e6%9c%ac%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/07\/mongodb-%e5%a4%8d%e5%88%b6%ef%bc%88%e5%89%af%e6%9c%ac%e9%9b%86%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB \u590d\u5236\uff08\u526f\u672c\u96c6\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MongoDB \u590d\u5236\uff08Replication\uff09<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7 \u526f\u672c\u96c6\uff08Replica Set\uff09<\/strong> \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u526f\u672c\u96c6\uff08Replica Set\uff09\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u662f \u4e00\u7ec4 MongoDB \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u4e00\u4e2a<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Primary\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5199\u5165\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u591a\u4e2a<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a \u4ece\u8282\u70b9\uff08Secondary\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u53ef\u9009<\/strong> \u4ef2\u88c1\u8282\u70b9\uff08Arbiter\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u4e3e<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    +----------------+\n| Client        |\n+----------------+\n       |\n       v\n+-----------------+\n| Primary (Master) |\n+-----------------+\n       |\n       v\n+-----------------+   +-----------------+\n| Secondary 1    | \u2190 | Secondary 2      |\n+-----------------+   +-----------------+\n       |\n       v\n+-----------------+\n| Arbiter (\u53ef\u9009)  |\n+-----------------+<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    2. \u526f\u672c\u96c6\u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u2705 \u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    \u2705 \u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002
    \u2705 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u3002
    \u2705 \u6545\u969c\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d<\/strong>\uff1aMongoDB \u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u4e3e<\/strong>\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    3. \u914d\u7f6e\u526f\u672c\u96c6<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \uff081\uff09\u51c6\u5907\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u53f0 MongoDB \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Primary<\/code>\uff08\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Secondary<\/code>\uff08\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Arbiter<\/code>\uff08\u4ef2\u88c1\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u975e\u5fc5\u987b\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \uff082\uff09\u542f\u52a8 MongoDB \u526f\u672c\u96c6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \u542f\u52a8\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --port 27017 --dbpath \/data\/db --bind_ip 0.0.0.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • --replSet myReplicaSet<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • --port 27017<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • --dbpath \/data\/db<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \uff083\uff09\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u526f\u672c\u96c6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u5728 \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        rs.initiate({\n  _id: \"myReplicaSet\",\n  members: [\n    { _id: 0, host: \"192.168.1.1:27017\" },\n    { _id: 1, host: \"192.168.1.2:27017\" },\n    { _id: 2, host: \"192.168.1.3:27017\", arbiterOnly: true } \/\/ \u4ef2\u88c1\u8282\u70b9\n  ]\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • _id<\/code>\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • host<\/code>\uff1aMongoDB \u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP \u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • arbiterOnly: true<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4ef2\u88c1\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \uff084\uff09\u67e5\u770b\u526f\u672c\u96c6\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          rs.status()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u5982\u679c\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          {\n  \"set\": \"myReplicaSet\",\n  \"members\": [\n    { \"stateStr\": \"PRIMARY\", \"name\": \"192.168.1.1:27017\" },\n    { \"stateStr\": \"SECONDARY\", \"name\": \"192.168.1.2:27017\" },\n    { \"stateStr\": \"ARBITER\", \"name\": \"192.168.1.3:27017\" }\n  ]\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          4. \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \uff081\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5199\u5165\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \u6240\u6709\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 Primary\uff08\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/strong> \u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          db.users.insertOne({ name: \"Alice\", age: 25 });<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \uff082\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bfb\u53d6\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5728 \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> \u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          db.users.find();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u8981\u4ece Secondary \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff08\u53ea\u8bfb\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          db.getMongo().setReadPref(\"secondary\");\ndb.users.find();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \uff083\uff09\u8bfb\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff08Read Preference\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          primary<\/code><\/td>\u53ea\u4ece\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8bfb\u53d6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
          primaryPreferred<\/code><\/td>\u4f18\u5148<\/strong>\u4ece\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u8bfb\u53d6<\/td><\/tr>
          secondary<\/code><\/td>\u53ea\u4ece\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u8bfb\u53d6<\/td><\/tr>
          secondaryPreferred<\/code><\/td>\u4f18\u5148<\/strong>\u4ece\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8bfb\u53d6<\/td><\/tr>
          nearest<\/code><\/td>\u9009\u62e9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6700\u5c0f<\/strong>\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e3b\u4ece\u7686\u53ef\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          db.getMongo().setReadPref(\"secondaryPreferred\");<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          5. \u6545\u969c\u5207\u6362\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u4e3e\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \uff081\uff09Primary \u5b95\u673a<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \u5982\u679c \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c<\/strong>\uff0cMongoDB \u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u4e3e<\/strong>\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. \u4ece \u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u4ece\u8282\u70b9<\/strong> \u9009\u4e3e\u7968\u6570\u6700\u9ad8\u7684<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684 Primary\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. \u5176\u4ed6\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u4e3a Secondary\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. \u539f Primary \u6062\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u964d\u7ea7\u4e3a Secondary\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \uff082\uff09\u624b\u52a8\u5f3a\u5236\u9009\u4e3e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \u5982\u679c\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u63d0\u5347\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>\u4e3a Primary\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            rs.stepDown();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u7136\u540e\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            rs.reconfig({\n  _id: \"myReplicaSet\",\n  members: [\n    { _id: 0, host: \"192.168.1.1:27017\", priority: 0 },\n    { _id: 1, host: \"192.168.1.2:27017\", priority: 2 }, \/\/ \u63d0\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\n    { _id: 2, host: \"192.168.1.3:27017\", arbiterOnly: true }\n  ]\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • priority: 2<\/code> \u2192 \u63d0\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4f18\u5148\u5f53\u9009<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              6. \u5ef6\u8fdf\u526f\u672c\uff08Hidden Replica\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \u6709\u4e9b\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              rs.reconfig({\n  _id: \"myReplicaSet\",\n  members: [\n    { _id: 0, host: \"192.168.1.1:27017\" },\n    { _id: 1, host: \"192.168.1.2:27017\" },\n    { _id: 2, host: \"192.168.1.3:27017\", hidden: true, priority: 0 }\n  ]\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • hidden: true<\/code> \u2192 \u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • priority: 0<\/code> \u2192 \u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a Primary\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                7. \u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \uff081\uff09\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                \u4f7f\u7528 mongodump<\/code> \u5907\u4efd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                mongodump --host 192.168.1.1 --out \/backup\/mongo\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \uff082\uff09\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                \u4f7f\u7528 mongorestore<\/code> \u6062\u590d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                mongorestore --host 192.168.1.2 --dir \/backup\/mongo\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff08Primary\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e5f\u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                \u4ece\u8282\u70b9\uff08Secondary\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u590d\u5236\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u8bfb\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
                \u4ef2\u88c1\u8282\u70b9\uff08Arbiter\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u6295\u7968<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/td><\/tr>
                \u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb<\/strong><\/td>\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0cMongoDB \u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u4e3e<\/strong>\u65b0\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9<\/td><\/tr>
                \u8bfb\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/strong><\/td>\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3b\u4ece\u6df7\u5408\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff08primaryPreferred<\/code>\u3001secondaryPreferred<\/code> \u7b49\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
                \u9690\u85cf\u526f\u672c<\/strong><\/td>\u9632\u6b62\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong>\uff08hidden: true<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
                \u624b\u52a8\u9009\u4e3e<\/strong><\/td>\u901a\u8fc7 rs.stepDown()<\/code> \u6216 priority<\/code> \u63a7\u5236<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                MongoDB \u590d\u5236<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff01 \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                MongoDB \u590d\u5236\uff08Replication\uff09 \u901a\u8fc7 \u526f\u672c\u96c6\uff08Replica Set\uff09 \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mongodb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2460,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2459\/revisions\/2460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}