{"id":2479,"date":"2025-03-09T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T01:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2479"},"modified":"2025-03-09T13:09:59","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T05:09:59","slug":"mongodb-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/09\/mongodb-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 MongoDB \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\uff08References\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u6863\u6216\u96c6\u5408\uff08Collections\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08RDBMS\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u952e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cMongoDB \u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u6863 ID\uff08ObjectId\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u6863\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\uff08N:M\uff09\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u6863\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    2. MongoDB \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. \u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\uff08Manual References\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8 _id<\/code> \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u552f\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. DBRef \u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Database References\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aMongoDB \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u79f0\u548c ObjectId<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      3. \u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\u662f MongoDB \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u6863\u7684 _id<\/code><\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7528\u6237\uff08Users\uff09\u4e0e\u8ba2\u5355\uff08Orders\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u2460 \u521b\u5efa users<\/code> \u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      {\n  \"_id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b1234\"),\n  \"name\": \"Alice\",\n  \"email\": \"alice@example.com\"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u2461 \u521b\u5efa orders<\/code> \u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237 ID<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      {\n  \"_id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b5678\"),\n  \"user_id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b1234\"),\n  \"product\": \"Laptop\",\n  \"price\": 1200\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u5728 orders<\/code> \u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5 user_id<\/code> \u5b58\u50a8\u4e86 users<\/code> \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684 _id<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528 Alice \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u2462 \u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7528\u6237\u8ba2\u5355<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      db.orders.find({ user_id: ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b1234\") })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u2463 \u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 $lookup<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c JOIN<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      db.users.aggregate([\n  {\n    $lookup: {\n      from: \"orders\",     \/\/ \u5173\u8054\u7684\u96c6\u5408\n      localField: \"_id\",  \/\/ users \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\n      foreignField: \"user_id\", \/\/ orders \u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\n      as: \"user_orders\"   \/\/ \u5b58\u653e\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\n    }\n  }\n])<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      {\n  \"_id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b1234\"),\n  \"name\": \"Alice\",\n  \"email\": \"alice@example.com\",\n  \"user_orders\": [\n    {\n      \"_id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b5678\"),\n      \"user_id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b1234\"),\n      \"product\": \"Laptop\",\n      \"price\": 1200\n    }\n  ]\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udca1 \u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u652f\u6301 $lookup<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u8868\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\uff081:N\uff09<\/strong>\u548c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\uff08N:M\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u4fbf\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        4. \u4f7f\u7528 DBRef\uff08\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        MongoDB \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u7684DBRef\uff08Database References\uff09<\/strong>\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        DBRef \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        {\n  \"$ref\": \"users\", \n  \"$id\": ObjectId(\"65f20aefab3f5e001c9b1234\")\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0cMongoDB \u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684 db.dereference()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        5. MongoDB \u5f15\u7528 vs. \u5185\u5d4c\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \u65b9\u5f0f<\/th>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/th>\u4f18\u70b9<\/th>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        \u5185\u5d4c\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/td>\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u9891\u7e41<\/td>\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb<\/td>\u6570\u636e\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55<\/td><\/tr>
        \u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/td>\u5173\u7cfb\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u652f\u6301 $lookup<\/code><\/td>\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. MongoDB \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5916\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\uff08References\uff09<\/strong>\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8 _id<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 $lookup<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. \u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d DBRef<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. \u9009\u62e9\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u5185\u5d4c\u6587\u6863\uff1f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u7d27\u5bc6<\/strong> \u2192 \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5d4c\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u6570\u636e\u53ef\u590d\u7528<\/strong> \u2192 \u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • N:M \u5173\u7cfb<\/strong> \u2192 \u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            \u5728 MongoDB \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\uff08References\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u6863\u6216\u96c6\u5408\uff08Collections\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mongodb"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2479"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2480,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2479\/revisions\/2480"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}