{"id":2489,"date":"2025-03-09T09:34:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T01:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2489"},"modified":"2025-03-09T13:04:08","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T05:04:08","slug":"mongodb-%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/09\/mongodb-%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB \u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MongoDB \u7d22\u5f15\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • MongoDB \u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa 64 \u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff08\u5305\u62ec _id<\/code> \u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7d22\u5f15\u8fc7\u591a\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5b58\u50a8\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u5e94\u8be5\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    2. \u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • MongoDB \u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u5355\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u9879\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\u952e+\u7d22\u5f15\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff09\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7 1024 \u5b57\u8282<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e BSON \u5b57\u6bb5\u503c\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u8d85\u957f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>\uff1a
      js db.articles.createIndex({ title: 1 })<\/code>
      \u5982\u679c title<\/code> \u592a\u957f\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\n
        \n
      • \u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a
        js db.articles.createIndex({ title: \"hashed\" })<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u622a\u53d6\u5b57\u6bb5\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u77ed\u54c8\u5e0c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        3. \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • MongoDB \u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981<\/strong>\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u524d\u7f00<\/strong>\u5b57\u6bb5\u624d\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u7d22\u5f15 { A: 1, B: 1 }<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\n
            \n
          • \u2705 db.collection.find({ A: 10 })<\/code> \u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u2705 db.collection.find({ A: 10, B: 20 })<\/code> \u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u274c db.collection.find({ B: 20 })<\/code> \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\n
              \n
            • \u6839\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e60\u60ef\u4f18\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u653e\u524d\u9762<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              4. \u591a\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Multikey Index\uff09\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              \u591a\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b57\u6bb5\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong>\uff08MongoDB \u65e0\u6cd5\u7d22\u5f15\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u8986\u76d6\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u9519\u8bef\u6848\u4f8b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  db.products.createIndex({ tags: 1, categories: 1 }) \/\/ \u274c tags \u548c categories \u90fd\u662f\u6570\u7ec4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u4ec5\u7d22\u5f15\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a
                  js db.products.createIndex({ tags: 1 }) \/\/ \u2705<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u5206\u5f00\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n
                  5. \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e null<\/code> \u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • MongoDB \u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\uff08unique: true<\/code>\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u7684 null<\/code> \u503c<\/strong>\uff0cMongoDB \u8ba4\u4e3a null<\/code> \u503c\u4e0d\u7b97\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 }, { unique: true })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a email: null<\/code><\/strong> \u8fdb\u5165\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a null<\/code> \u5728\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7b97\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u4f7f\u7528 \u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong> \u9650\u5236 null<\/code> \u503c\uff1a
                      js db.users.createIndex( { email: 1 }, { unique: true, partialFilterExpression: { email: { $exists: true } } } )<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 email<\/code> \u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u591a\u4e2a null<\/code> \u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      6. TTL \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      TTL\uff08Time-To-Live\uff09\u7d22\u5f15\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664<\/strong>\u8fc7\u671f\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e Date<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e Number<\/code> \u6216 String<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • TTL \u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694<\/strong>\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u786e<\/strong>\u7684\uff0cMongoDB \u7ea660 \u79d2\u626b\u63cf\u4e00\u6b21<\/strong>\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u8fc7\u671f\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u65e0\u6cd5\u624b\u52a8\u5220\u9664 TTL \u7d22\u5f15\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6587\u6863<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7b49 MongoDB \u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          db.sessions.createIndex({ createdAt: 1 }, { expireAfterSeconds: 3600 })<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u4f46 createdAt<\/code> \u5fc5\u987b\u662f Date \u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5426\u5219 MongoDB \u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n
                          7. \u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7528\u4e8e\u7b49\u503c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff08$gt<\/code>\u3001$lt<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • \u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u9519\u8bef\u6848\u4f8b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                              db.users.createIndex({ userId: \"hashed\" })\n  db.users.find({ userId: { $gt: \"abc\" } }) \/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • \u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a
                              js db.users.createIndex({ userId: 1 }) \/\/ \u2705 \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                              \n\n\n\n
                              8. \u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Covered Query\uff09\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              MongoDB \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u5185<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u67e5\u8be2 _id<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • \u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                  db.users.createIndex({ name: 1, age: 1 })\n  db.users.find({ name: \"Alice\" }, { name: 1, age: 1, _id: 0 }) \/\/ \u2705 \u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                • \u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u9519\u8bef\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                    db.users.find({ name: \"Alice\" }, { name: 1, age: 1 }) \/\/ \u274c \u7531\u4e8e _id \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • \u663e\u5f0f\u6392\u9664 _id<\/code><\/strong>\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u5185\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n\n\n\n
                                    9. \u5927\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u7d22\u5f15\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                    \u7d22\u5f15\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5199\u5165\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5220\u9664\uff09\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u65f6\uff0cMongoDB \u90fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n
                                    • \u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u524d<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\uff1a
                                      js db.collection.dropIndexes() \/\/ \u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15 \/\/ \u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165 db.collection.createIndex({ field: 1 }) \/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u907f\u514d\u5728\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f18\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n\n\n\n
                                      10. Oplog\uff08\u590d\u5236\u96c6\uff09\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                      MongoDB \u590d\u5236\u96c6\uff08Replica Set\uff09<\/strong> \u4f9d\u8d56 oplog<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7d22\u5f15\u8fc7\u5927<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n
                                      • \u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • \u7d22\u5f15\u8fc7\u5927\u4f1a\u5360\u7528 oplog \u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • \u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • \u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • \u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7d22\u5f15\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n\n\n\n
                                        \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                        \u9650\u5236\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/th>\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/th>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                                        \u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u6700\u591a 64 \u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\u53ea\u521b\u5efa\u5fc5\u8981\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u7d22\u5f15\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\u5355\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u9879 \u22641024 \u5b57\u8282<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u77ed\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u987a\u5e8f<\/strong><\/td>\u5fc5\u987b\u5339\u914d\u524d\u7f00\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u7406\u7d22\u5f15\u987a\u5e8f<\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u591a\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u7d22\u5f15\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td>\u4ec5\u7d22\u5f15\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15 null<\/code> \u503c<\/strong><\/td>null<\/code> \u4e0d\u53d7\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr>
                                        TTL \u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\u4ec5\u652f\u6301 Date<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\u786e\u4fdd\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u6b63\u786e<\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/td>\u5fc5\u987b\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td>\u663e\u5f0f\u6392\u9664 _id<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                                        \u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u5f71\u54cd\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/td>\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d<\/td>\u5148\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u518d\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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