{"id":2603,"date":"2025-03-11T23:25:14","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T15:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2603"},"modified":"2025-03-11T23:25:14","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T15:25:14","slug":"postgresql-%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88schema%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/11\/postgresql-%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88schema%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL \u6a21\u5f0f\uff08SCHEMA\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 PostgreSQL \u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Schema\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Schema\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8868\u91cd\u540d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 sales<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa orders<\/code> \u8868\uff0c\u5728 hr<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4e5f\u521b\u5efa orders<\/code> \u8868\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79df\u6237\u67b6\u6784\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    2. PostgreSQL \u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Schema\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08CREATE SCHEMA\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    CREATE SCHEMA schema_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    CREATE SCHEMA sales;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a sales<\/code> \u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    CREATE SCHEMA hr AUTHORIZATION user1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u8fd9\u6837 hr<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u662f user1<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      2.2 \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u8981\u67e5\u770b PostgreSQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b SQL \u8bed\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u6216\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \\dn<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u5728 psql<\/code> \u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      2.3 \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u5728 sales<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa orders<\/code> \u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      CREATE TABLE sales.orders (\n    order_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    customer_name VARCHAR(100),\n    amount DECIMAL(10,2)\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u5728 public<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        2.4 \u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u8868<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. \u5e26\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          SELECT * FROM sales.orders;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            SET search_path TO sales;\nSELECT * FROM orders;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u5199 sales.orders<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 orders<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            SHOW search_path;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            2.5 \u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08DROP SCHEMA\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f46\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u5176\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            DROP SCHEMA schema_name RESTRICT;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u5982\u679c schema_name<\/code> \u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8bef\u5220\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            DROP SCHEMA schema_name CASCADE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            DROP SCHEMA sales CASCADE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u8fd9\u5c06\u5220\u9664 sales<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            2.6 \u4fee\u6539\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            ALTER SCHEMA schema_name OWNER TO new_owner;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            ALTER SCHEMA hr OWNER TO admin_user;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u8fd9\u6837 hr<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53d8\u66f4\u4e3a admin_user<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            2.7 \u590d\u5236\uff08\u514b\u9686\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            PostgreSQL \u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b COPY SCHEMA<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u590d\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
              CREATE SCHEMA new_schema;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. \u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u8868<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                CREATE TABLE new_schema.orders AS TABLE sales.orders;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. \u590d\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff09<\/strong>
                  \u9700\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n
                  3. PostgreSQL \u9ed8\u8ba4 public<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • PostgreSQL \u5b89\u88c5\u540e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a public<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7981\u6b62 public<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    REVOKE CREATE ON SCHEMA public FROM PUBLIC;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u8fd9\u6837\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5728 public<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    4. PostgreSQL \u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Schema\uff09\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    4.1 \u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_name TO user_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA sales TO user1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u8fd9\u6837 user1<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 sales<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    4.2 \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA schema_name TO user_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA sales TO user1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u8fd9\u6837 user1<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 sales<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    4.3 \u64a4\u9500\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_name FROM user_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA sales FROM user1;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    5. PostgreSQL \u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Multi-Schema\uff09\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    5.1 \u591a\u79df\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \u5bf9\u4e8e SaaS\uff08\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5373\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79df\u6237\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    CREATE SCHEMA tenant1;\nCREATE SCHEMA tenant2;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u7136\u540e\u5728 tenant1<\/code>\u3001tenant2<\/code> \u5185\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 users<\/code>\u3001orders<\/code> \u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    CREATE TABLE tenant1.users (\n    user_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    name VARCHAR(100)\n);\nCREATE TABLE tenant2.users (\n    user_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    name VARCHAR(100)\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \u8fd9\u6837 tenant1.users<\/code> \u548c tenant2.users<\/code> \u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                    5.2 \u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • sales<\/code>\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u9500\u552e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • hr<\/code>\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u4eba\u4e8b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • finance<\/code>\uff1a\u5b58\u653e\u8d22\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \u67e5\u8be2 sales<\/code> \u7684 orders<\/code> \u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      SELECT * FROM sales.orders;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      6. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \u64cd\u4f5c<\/th>SQL \u8bed\u6cd5<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                      \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>CREATE SCHEMA schema_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/strong><\/td>CREATE SCHEMA schema_name AUTHORIZATION user_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>SELECT schema_name FROM information_schema.schemata;<\/code> \u6216 \\dn<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u62a5\u9519\uff09<\/strong><\/td>DROP SCHEMA schema_name RESTRICT;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u7ea7\u8054\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09<\/strong><\/td>DROP SCHEMA schema_name CASCADE;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5185\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/td>CREATE TABLE schema_name.table_name (...);<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u67e5\u8be2\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u8868<\/strong><\/td>SELECT * FROM schema_name.table_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>SET search_path TO schema_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u4fee\u6539\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/strong><\/td>ALTER SCHEMA schema_name OWNER TO new_owner;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u6388\u4e88\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/td>GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_name TO user_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u6388\u4e88\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/td>GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA schema_name TO user_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                      \u64a4\u9500\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/td>REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA schema_name FROM user_name;<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      7. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • PostgreSQL Schema\uff08\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u901a\u8fc7 CREATE SCHEMA<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u901a\u8fc7 SET search_path<\/code> \u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 schema.table<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • DROP SCHEMA ... CASCADE<\/code> \u53ef\u5220\u9664\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u6a21\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \u591a\u79df\u6237\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong> \u548c \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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