{"id":2644,"date":"2025-03-11T23:52:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T15:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2644"},"modified":"2025-03-11T23:52:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T15:52:46","slug":"postgresql-with-%e5%ad%90%e5%8f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/11\/postgresql-with-%e5%ad%90%e5%8f%a5\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL WITH \u5b50\u53e5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 PostgreSQL \u4e2d\uff0cWITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u516c\u7528\u8868\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 CTE\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e34\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 SELECT<\/code>\u3001INSERT<\/code>\u3001UPDATE<\/code> \u6216 DELETE<\/code> \u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
WITH cte_name AS (\n    SELECT column1, column2, ...\n    FROM table_name\n    WHERE condition\n)\nSELECT column1, column2, ...\nFROM cte_name\nWHERE another_condition;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • cte_name<\/code><\/strong>: \u516c\u7528\u8868\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08CTE\uff09\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • SELECT column1, column2, ...<\/code><\/strong>: \u5728 CTE \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u7684 SELECT<\/code> \u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • FROM cte_name<\/code><\/strong>: \u5728\u4e3b\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528 CTE \u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • WHERE<\/code><\/strong>: \u4e3b\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    2. WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a employees<\/code> \u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b employee_id<\/code>\u3001name<\/code> \u548c salary<\/code> \u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    WITH high_salary AS (\n    SELECT name, salary\n    FROM employees\n    WHERE salary > 50000\n)\nSELECT name\nFROM high_salary;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cWITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u7684 CTE high_salary<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u85aa\u6c34\u5927\u4e8e 50000 \u7684\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u67e5\u8be2\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a CTE \u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a CTE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a CTE\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a CTE \u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a CTE \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u540e\u7eed\u67e5\u8be2\u5f15\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    WITH\nhigh_salary AS (\n    SELECT name, salary\n    FROM employees\n    WHERE salary > 50000\n),\nlow_salary AS (\n    SELECT name, salary\n    FROM employees\n    WHERE salary <= 50000\n)\nSELECT * FROM high_salary\nUNION ALL\nSELECT * FROM low_salary;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a CTE\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u9ad8\u85aa\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4e\u85aa\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u67e5\u8be2\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a CTE \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u9012\u5f52 CTE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    PostgreSQL \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52 CTE\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u9012\u5f52 CTE \u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    4.1 \u9012\u5f52 CTE \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    WITH RECURSIVE cte_name AS (\n    -- \u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2\n    SELECT column1, column2\n    FROM table_name\n    WHERE condition\n    UNION ALL\n    -- \u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\n    SELECT t.column1, t.column2\n    FROM table_name t\n    JOIN cte_name cte ON t.column1 = cte.column2\n)\nSELECT * FROM cte_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • WITH RECURSIVE<\/code><\/strong>: \u6307\u5b9a\u9012\u5f52 CTE\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>: \u5b9a\u4e49\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>: \u5b9a\u4e49\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 UNION ALL<\/code> \u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      4.2 \u9012\u5f52 CTE \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a employees<\/code> \u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a employee_id<\/code> \u548c manager_id<\/code>\uff0cmanager_id<\/code> \u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684 employee_id<\/code>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52 CTE \u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ecf\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      WITH RECURSIVE employee_hierarchy AS (\n    -- \u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u5458\u5de5\n    SELECT employee_id, name, manager_id\n    FROM employees\n    WHERE employee_id = 101\n    UNION ALL\n    -- \u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\n    SELECT e.employee_id, e.name, e.manager_id\n    FROM employees e\n    JOIN employee_hierarchy eh ON e.employee_id = eh.manager_id\n)\nSELECT * FROM employee_hierarchy;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cWITH RECURSIVE<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u5458\u5de5 101<\/code> \u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u57fa\u7840\u67e5\u8be2\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u5458\u5de5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      5. \u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u6b21\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      5.1 \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      WITH total_sales AS (\n    SELECT product_id, SUM(amount) AS total\n    FROM sales\n    GROUP BY product_id\n)\nSELECT p.product_name, ts.total\nFROM products p\nJOIN total_sales ts ON p.product_id = ts.product_id;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cWITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a total_sales<\/code> \u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u9500\u552e\u603b\u989d\u3002\u4e3b\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u7f16\u5199\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      6. WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 CTE \u53ea\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u4e8b\u52a1\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5185\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      7. \u6027\u80fd\u8003\u8651<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5728\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53 CTE \u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5f15\u64ce\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u591a\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 CTE \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u8be2\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5c06 CTE \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e34\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u9012\u5f52 CTE \u662f PostgreSQL \u7279\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u4f7f\u7528 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u65f6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u6216\u8005\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \u638c\u63e1 WITH<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728 PostgreSQL \u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          \u5728 PostgreSQL \u4e2d\uff0cWITH \u5b50\u53e5\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u516c\u7528\u8868\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0 CTE\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e34\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-postgresql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2644"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2646,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2644\/revisions\/2646"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}