{"id":2766,"date":"2025-03-14T22:48:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T14:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2766"},"modified":"2025-03-14T22:48:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T14:48:56","slug":"python-%e8%a3%85%e9%a5%b0%e5%99%a8%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/14\/python-%e8%a3%85%e9%a5%b0%e5%99%a8%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"Python \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08Decorator\uff09\u662f Python \u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def decorator_function(func):\n    def wrapper():\n        # \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u524d\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\n        print(\"Before function call\")\n        func()  # \u8c03\u7528\u539f\u51fd\u6570\n        print(\"After function call\")\n    return wrapper<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>@<\/code> \u7b26\u53f7\u5c06\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>@decorator_function\ndef say_hello():\n    print(\"Hello!\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a <code>@decorator_function<\/code> \u662f\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>say_hello = decorator_function(say_hello)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u539f\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<code>say_hello<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a<code>decorator_function<\/code> \u63a5\u53d7\u539f\u51fd\u6570 <code>say_hello<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<code>wrapper<\/code> \u662f\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5d4c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u524d\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 1\uff1a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def decorator_function(func):\n    def wrapper():\n        print(\"Before function call\")\n        func()  # \u8c03\u7528\u539f\u51fd\u6570\n        print(\"After function call\")\n    return wrapper\n\n@decorator_function\ndef say_hello():\n    print(\"Hello!\")\n\n# \u8c03\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u540e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\nsay_hello()\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n# Before function call\n# Hello!\n# After function call<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u7684 <code>wrapper<\/code> \u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 2\uff1a\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def decorator_function(func):\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):  # \u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\n        print(\"Before function call\")\n        result = func(*args, **kwargs)  # \u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u539f\u51fd\u6570\n        print(\"After function call\")\n        return result\n    return wrapper\n\n@decorator_function\ndef greet(name):\n    print(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n\ngreet(\"Alice\")\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n# Before function call\n# Hello, Alice!\n# After function call<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c<code>*args<\/code> \u548c <code>**kwargs<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u5e26\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u524d\u3001\u6267\u884c\u540e\u6216\u66ff\u4ee3\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 3\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def decorator_function(func):\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        print(\"Before function call\")\n        result = func(*args, **kwargs)  # \u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n        print(\"After function call\")\n        return result  # \u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    return wrapper\n\n@decorator_function\ndef add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nresult = add(5, 7)\nprint(f\"Result: {result}\")\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n# Before function call\n# After function call\n# Result: 12<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u6743\u9650\u6821\u9a8c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 4\uff1a\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def decorator_function(func):\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        print(f\"Arguments were: {args}, {kwargs}\")\n        result = func(*args, **kwargs)\n        print(f\"Returned: {result}\")\n        return result\n    return wrapper\n\n@decorator_function\ndef multiply(x, y):\n    return x * y\n\nmultiply(3, 4)\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n# Arguments were: (3, 4), {}\n# Returned: 12<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6743\u9650\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d4b\u91cf\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u590d\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u94fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5185\u5230\u5916\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 5\uff1a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u94fe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def decorator1(func):\n    def wrapper():\n        print(\"Decorator 1\")\n        return func()\n    return wrapper\n\ndef decorator2(func):\n    def wrapper():\n        print(\"Decorator 2\")\n        return func()\n    return wrapper\n\n@decorator1\n@decorator2\ndef say_hello():\n    print(\"Hello!\")\n\nsay_hello()\n\n# \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\n# Decorator 1\n# Decorator 2\n# Hello!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. functools.wraps\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3001\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\uff09\u4f1a\u88ab <code>wrapper<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>functools.wraps<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b 6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>wraps<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>from functools import wraps\n\ndef decorator_function(func):\n    @wraps(func)  # \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        print(\"Before function call\")\n        return func(*args, **kwargs)\n    return wrapper\n\n@decorator_function\ndef say_hello():\n    \"\"\"A simple greeting function\"\"\"\n    print(\"Hello!\")\n\nprint(say_hello.__name__)  # \u8f93\u51fa say_hello\nprint(say_hello.__doc__)   # \u8f93\u51fa A simple greeting function<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b83\u4eec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u5f3a\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u6743\u9650\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 <code>@<\/code> \u8bed\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u94fe\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>functools.wraps<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08Decorator\uff09\u662f Python \u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u589e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2768,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2766\/revisions\/2768"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}