{"id":2784,"date":"2025-03-14T23:04:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T15:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2784"},"modified":"2025-03-14T23:04:03","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T15:04:03","slug":"python3-os-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6-%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/14\/python3-os-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6-%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"Python3 OS \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Python \u7684 os<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684 os<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. os.getcwd()<\/code> – \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
current_directory = os.getcwd()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nprint(os.getcwd())  # \u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. os.chdir(path)<\/code> – \u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
chdir()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002path<\/code> \u662f\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.chdir(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.chdir(\"\/path\/to\/directory\")  # \u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\nprint(os.getcwd())  # \u6253\u5370\u65b0\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
3. os.listdir(path)<\/code> – \u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
listdir()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
contents = os.listdir(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\ncontents = os.listdir(\".\")  # \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\nprint(contents)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
4. os.mkdir(path)<\/code> – \u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
mkdir()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 FileExistsError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.mkdir(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.mkdir(\"new_folder\")  # \u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
5. os.makedirs(path)<\/code> – \u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
makedirs()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cmakedirs()<\/code> \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.makedirs(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.makedirs(\"parent\/child\/grandchild\")  # \u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
6. os.remove(path)<\/code> – \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
remove()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 FileNotFoundError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.remove(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.remove(\"example.txt\")  # \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
7. os.rmdir(path)<\/code> – \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
rmdir()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0crmdir()<\/code> \u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 OSError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.rmdir(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.rmdir(\"empty_directory\")  # \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
8. os.removedirs(path)<\/code> – \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
removedirs()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 OSError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.removedirs(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.removedirs(\"parent\/child\/grandchild\")  # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
9. os.rename(src, dst)<\/code> – \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
rename()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 FileExistsError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
os.rename(src, dst)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nos.rename(\"old_name.txt\", \"new_name.txt\")  # \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
10. os.stat(path)<\/code> – \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
stat()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a os.stat_result<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
status = os.stat(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nstatus = os.stat(\"example.txt\")\nprint(status)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
11. os.path.exists(path)<\/code> – \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
exists()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de True<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de False<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
exists = os.path.exists(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))  # \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
12. os.path.isdir(path)<\/code> – \u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
isdir()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de True<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de False<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
is_directory = os.path.isdir(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nprint(os.path.isdir(\"example_dir\"))  # \u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
13. os.path.isfile(path)<\/code> – \u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
isfile()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de True<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de False<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
is_file = os.path.isfile(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))  # \u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
14. os.path.join(path1, path2, ...)<\/code> – \u62fc\u63a5\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
join()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u62fc\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0cjoin()<\/code> \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
full_path = os.path.join(path1, path2, ...)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\npath = os.path.join(\"parent\", \"child\", \"file.txt\")\nprint(path)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a'parent\/child\/file.txt'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
15. os.path.split(path)<\/code> – \u5206\u5272\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
split()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
dir_name, file_name = os.path.split(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\ndir_name, file_name = os.path.split(\"parent\/child\/file.txt\")\nprint(dir_name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a'parent\/child'\nprint(file_name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a'file.txt'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
16. os.path.getsize(path)<\/code> – \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
getsize()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
size = os.path.getsize(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nsize = os.path.getsize(\"example.txt\")\nprint(size)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u5b57\u8282\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
17. os.path.abspath(path)<\/code> – \u83b7\u53d6\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
abspath()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
absolute_path = os.path.abspath(path)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
import os\nprint(os.path.abspath(\"example.txt\"))  # \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Python \u7684 os<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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