{"id":2908,"date":"2025-03-18T00:27:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T16:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2908"},"modified":"2025-03-18T00:27:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T16:27:36","slug":"python-requests-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/18\/python-requests-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"Python requests \u6a21\u5757\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

requests<\/code><\/a> \u662f Python \u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5e93\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e \u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee API\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e<\/strong> \u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4 urllib<\/code> \u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301 \u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406 Cookies\u3001Session\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u3001SSL \u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49<\/strong> \u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790 requests<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u7684 \u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5 requests<\/code><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 requests<\/code> \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pip install requests<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u5185\u955c\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pip install requests -i https:\/\/pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/simple<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import requests<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. \u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
requests<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE<\/strong> \u7b49 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
GET<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import requests\n\nurl = \"https:\/\/jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts\/1\"\nresponse = requests.get(url)\n\nprint(response.status_code)  # \u8f93\u51fa HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801\nprint(response.text)         # \u8f93\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
params = {\"userId\": 1}\nresponse = requests.get(\"https:\/\/jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts\", params=params)\nprint(response.url)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8 URL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf7\u6c42 URL\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts?userId=1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
POST<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u3001API \u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
data = {\"title\": \"foo\", \"body\": \"bar\", \"userId\": 1}\nresponse = requests.post(\"https:\/\/jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts\", json=data)\n\nprint(response.status_code)  # 201 \u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\nprint(response.json())       # \u89e3\u6790 JSON \u54cd\u5e94<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
data = {\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"123456\"}\nresponse = requests.post(\"https:\/\/httpbin.org\/post\", data=data)\n\nprint(response.json())  # \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 JSON \u6570\u636e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u53d1\u9001 PUT \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
update_data = {\"title\": \"updated title\"}\nresponse = requests.put(\"https:\/\/jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts\/1\", json=update_data)\nprint(response.json())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2.4 \u53d1\u9001 DELETE \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5220\u9664\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.delete(\"https:\/\/jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts\/1\")\nprint(response.status_code)  # 200 \u6216 204 \u8868\u793a\u5220\u9664\u6210\u529f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
3. \u5904\u7406 HTTP \u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 \u83b7\u53d6 HTTP \u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.get(\"https:\/\/jsonplaceholder.typicode.com\/posts\/1\")\n\nprint(response.status_code)  # HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801\nprint(response.headers)      # \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\nprint(response.text)         # \u539f\u59cb HTML\/JSON \u54cd\u5e94\nprint(response.json())       # \u89e3\u6790 JSON \u6570\u636e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u5e38\u89c1 HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
200<\/td>\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f<\/td><\/tr>
201<\/td>\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\uff08POST \u8bf7\u6c42\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
301<\/td>\u6c38\u4e45\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td><\/tr>
302<\/td>\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/td><\/tr>
400<\/td>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr>
401<\/td>\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td><\/tr>
403<\/td>\u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td><\/tr>
404<\/td>\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u627e\u5230<\/td><\/tr>
500<\/td>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
if response.status_code == 200:\n    print(\"\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\")\nelif response.status_code == 404:\n    print(\"\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
4. \u5904\u7406 Cookies<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u83b7\u53d6 Cookies<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.get(\"https:\/\/httpbin.org\/cookies\")\nprint(response.cookies)  # \u8f93\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 Cookies<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u53d1\u9001\u5e26 Cookies \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cookies = {\"session_id\": \"123456\"}\nresponse = requests.get(\"https:\/\/httpbin.org\/cookies\", cookies=cookies)\nprint(response.text)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
5. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff08Headers\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b User-Agent<\/code>\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
headers = {\n    \"User-Agent\": \"Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)\"\n}\nresponse = requests.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\", headers=headers)\nprint(response.text)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
6. \u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0crequests<\/code> \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8ddf\u968f 301\/302<\/code> \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.get(\"http:\/\/github.com\", allow_redirects=True)\nprint(response.url)  # \u663e\u793a\u6700\u7ec8\u8df3\u8f6c\u540e\u7684 URL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7981\u6b62\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.get(\"http:\/\/github.com\", allow_redirects=False)\nprint(response.status_code)  # 301 \u6216 302\nprint(response.headers[\"Location\"])  # \u83b7\u53d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
7. \u4ee3\u7406\uff08\u9632\u6b62 IP \u5c01\u7981\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c01\u7981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
proxies = {\n    \"http\": \"http:\/\/your-proxy.com:8080\",\n    \"https\": \"https:\/\/your-proxy.com:8080\",\n}\nresponse = requests.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\", proxies=proxies)\nprint(response.text)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u514d\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a\u514d\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406 IP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
8. \u8d85\u65f6\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u907f\u514d\u8bf7\u6c42\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6302\u8d77\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
try:\n    response = requests.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\", timeout=5)\n    print(response.status_code)\nexcept requests.Timeout:\n    print(\"\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\")\nexcept requests.ConnectionError:\n    print(\"\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\")\nexcept requests.RequestException as e:\n    print(f\"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f02\u5e38: {e}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
9. Session<\/code>\uff08\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 requests.Session()<\/code> \u7ef4\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
session = requests.Session()\n\n# \u5148\u767b\u5f55\nlogin_data = {\"username\": \"admin\", \"password\": \"123456\"}\nsession.post(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/login\", data=login_data)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u9875\u9762\nresponse = session.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/dashboard\")\nprint(response.text)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
10. requests<\/code> \u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
10.1 \u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875 HTML<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\")\nhtml = response.text<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
10.2 \u722c\u53d6 robots.txt<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u722c\u53d6\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
response = requests.get(\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/robots.txt\")\nprint(response.text)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
10.3 \u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5c01<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u4f7f\u7528 User-Agent<\/code> \u4f2a\u88c5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u4f7f\u7528 Session<\/code> \u7ef4\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u4f7f\u7528 proxies<\/code> \u4ee3\u7406 IP<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u9650\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\uff08time.sleep()<\/code>\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u53d1\u9001 GET<\/code> \u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>requests.get(url)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u53d1\u9001 POST<\/code> \u8bf7\u6c42<\/td>requests.post(url, data={})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 Headers<\/td>requests.get(url, headers={})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u5904\u7406 Cookies<\/td>requests.get(url, cookies={})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u4ee3\u7406<\/td>requests.get(url, proxies={})<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u8d85\u65f6<\/td>requests.get(url, timeout=5)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    requests<\/code> \u662f Python \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u722c\u866b\u3001API \u8c03\u7528\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7b49\u573a\u666f\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    requests \u662f Python \u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5e93\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e \u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee API\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2908"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2910,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2908\/revisions\/2910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}