{"id":2911,"date":"2025-03-18T00:29:45","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T16:29:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=2911"},"modified":"2025-03-18T00:29:45","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T16:29:45","slug":"python-random-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/18\/python-random-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"Python random \u6a21\u5757\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

random<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd \u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u3001\u6d17\u724c\u3001\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9<\/strong> \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u62df\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u751f\u6210\u3001\u6982\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong> \u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. \u5bfc\u5165 random<\/code> \u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

random<\/code> \u662f Python \u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

import random<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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2. \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
random.random()<\/code><\/td>\u751f\u6210 0 \u5230 1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b 1\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
random.uniform(a, b)<\/code><\/td>\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4 [a, b]<\/code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
print(random.random())        # \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a0.3742\uff08\u8303\u56f4 0~1\uff09\nprint(random.uniform(1, 10))  # \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a5.763\uff08\u8303\u56f4 1~10\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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2.2 \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u51fd\u6570<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
random.randint(a, b)<\/code><\/td>\u751f\u6210 [a, b]<\/code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\uff08\u5305\u542b b<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
random.randrange(start, stop, step)<\/code><\/td>\u751f\u6210\u7b26\u5408\u6b65\u957f step<\/code> \u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b stop<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
print(random.randint(1, 10))  # \u751f\u6210 1~10 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff08\u5305\u542b 10\uff09\nprint(random.randrange(1, 10, 2))  # \u751f\u6210\u5947\u6570\uff1a1, 3, 5, 7, 9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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2.3 \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
print(bin(random.randint(0, 255)))  # \u968f\u673a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\nprint(oct(random.randint(0, 255)))  # \u968f\u673a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\nprint(hex(random.randint(0, 255)))  # \u968f\u673a\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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3. \u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 random.choice()<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"yellow\"]\nprint(random.choice(colors))  # \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa \"green\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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3.2 random.choices()<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5e26\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\uff08\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nweights = [10, 1, 1]  # \"apple\" \u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\nprint(random.choices(items, weights=weights, k=5))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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3.3 random.sample()<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6 \u4e0d\u91cd\u590d<\/strong> \u7684 k<\/code> \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
numbers = list(range(1, 11))\nprint(random.sample(numbers, 3))  # \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa [2, 7, 9]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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4. \u6d17\u724c shuffle()<\/code><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cards = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nrandom.shuffle(cards)\nprint(cards)  # \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa [3, 1, 5, 4, 2]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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5. \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
import string\n\ndef generate_password(length=8):\n    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation\n    return ''.join(random.choices(characters, k=length))\n\nprint(generate_password(12))  # \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa \"X$9g@3p!LzQ\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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6. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 random.seed(n)<\/code> \u8bbe\u5b9a\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u590d\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
random.seed(42)\nprint(random.randint(1, 100))  # \u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u90fd\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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7. \u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
7.1 \u6a21\u62df\u63b7\u9ab0\u5b50<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
def roll_dice():\n    return random.randint(1, 6)\n\nprint(roll_dice())  # \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa 4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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7.2 \u6a21\u62df\u62bd\u5956<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
participants = [\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charlie\", \"David\"]\nwinner = random.choice(participants)\nprint(f\"\u4e2d\u5956\u8005\u662f\uff1a{winner}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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7.3 \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u989c\u8272<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
def random_color():\n    return \"#{:06x}\".format(random.randint(0, 0xFFFFFF))\n\nprint(random_color())  # \u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa \"#f2a1b3\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u751f\u6210 0~1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/td>random.random()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u751f\u6210 [a, b]<\/code> \u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/td>random.uniform(a, b)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u751f\u6210 [a, b]<\/code> \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u6570<\/td>random.randint(a, b)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u751f\u6210\u7b26\u5408\u6b65\u957f step<\/code> \u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/td>random.randrange(a, b, step)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/td>random.choice(seq)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6 k<\/code> \u4e2a\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20<\/td>random.sample(seq, k)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6 k<\/code> \u4e2a\u5e26\u6743\u91cd\u5143\u7d20<\/td>random.choices(seq, weights, k)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>random.shuffle(seq)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801<\/td>random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=length)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u590d\u73b0\uff09<\/td>random.seed(n)<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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random<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u662f Python \u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff01<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
random \u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e \u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd \u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u3001\u6d17\u724c\u3001\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9 \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u62df\u3001\u6e38\u620f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python-3-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2913,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911\/revisions\/2913"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}