{"id":3268,"date":"2025-03-29T15:04:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:04:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3268"},"modified":"2025-03-29T15:04:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:04:26","slug":"c-%e6%95%b0%e7%bb%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/29\/c-%e6%95%b0%e7%bb%84\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u6570\u7ec4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Array\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8 \u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong> \u7684 \u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong> \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5728 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong> \u548c \u6279\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong> \u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5168\u9762\u89e3\u6790 C++ \u6570\u7ec4\u7684 \u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u904d\u5386\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong> \u4ee5\u53ca STL\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff09\u4e2d\u7684 std::array<\/code> \u548c std::vector<\/code><\/strong> \u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. C++ \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u58f0\u660e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u58f0\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u6570\u7ec4\u540d[\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f];<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
int arr[5]; \/\/ \u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b5\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6574\u578b\u6570\u7ec4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u26a0\ufe0f \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\uff08C++\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u7ec4\uff09<\/strong>\u3002C++ 11 \u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 std::vector<\/code> \u6765\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. \u6570\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; \/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u90e8\u5206\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08\u672a\u8d4b\u503c\u5143\u7d20\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a 0\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int arr[5] = {1, 2}; \/\/ \u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong> 1 2 0 0 0<\/code><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u7701\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int arr[] = {10, 20, 30}; \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 3<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.4 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff08\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u503c\u662f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\u7684\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int arr[5]; \/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5783\u573e\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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3. \u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 \u4f7f\u7528 for<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n        cout << arr[i] << \" \";\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong> 1 2 3 4 5<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u4f7f\u7528 range-based for<\/code>\uff08C++11 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
for (int num : arr) {\n    cout << num << \" \";\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \u53ea\u8bfb<\/strong> \u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
3.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
for (int* ptr = arr; ptr < arr + 5; ptr++) {\n    cout << *ptr << \" \";\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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4. \u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u58f0\u660e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int matrix[3][3]; \/\/ \u58f0\u660e 3x3 \u77e9\u9635<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int matrix[2][3] = {\n    {1, 2, 3},\n    {4, 5, 6}\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.3 \u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u904d\u5386<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {\n        cout << matrix[i][j] << \" \";\n    }\n    cout << endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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5. \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5.1 \u6570\u7ec4\u540d\u5373\u6307\u9488<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u540d\u79f0 arr<\/code> \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f \u6307\u5411\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\ncout << arr;   \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5730\u5740\ncout << *arr;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373 1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int* p = arr;\ncout << *(p + 1); \/\/ \u7b49\u540c\u4e8e arr[1]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u6570\u7ec4\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u662f \u6307\u9488<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
void printArray(int* arr, int size) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        cout << arr[i] << \" \";\n    }\n}\n\nint main() {\n    int nums[] = {10, 20, 30, 40};\n    printArray(nums, 4);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7528 sizeof(arr)<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a arr<\/code> \u9000\u5316\u6210\u4e86\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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6. \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff08new<\/code> & delete<\/code>\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C++ \u6807\u51c6\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u548c delete<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
int* arr = new int[10]; \/\/ \u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d 10 \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\ndelete[] arr; \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 std::vector<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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7. STL \u6570\u7ec4\uff08std::array<\/code> \u548c std::vector<\/code>\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
7.1 std::array<\/code>\uff08C++11\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <array>\narray<int, 5> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\ncout << arr[2]; \/\/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> std::array<\/code> \u5177\u5907\u666e\u901a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301 size()<\/code>\u3001at()<\/code> \u7b49\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
7.2 std::vector<\/code>\uff08\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <vector>\nvector<int> vec = {1, 2, 3};\nvec.push_back(4); \/\/ \u589e\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nvec.pop_back();   \/\/ \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
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8. \u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u95ee\u9898<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u8d8a\u754c<\/td>C++ \u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u7ec4\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6 sizeof(arr)<\/code> \u5931\u6548<\/td>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u771f\u5b9e\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr>
new[]<\/code> \u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709 delete[]<\/code><\/td>\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/td><\/tr>
std::vector<\/code> \u66ff\u4ee3\u666e\u901a\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 std::vector<\/code> \u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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9. \u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n