{"id":3271,"date":"2025-03-29T15:06:02","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3271"},"modified":"2025-03-29T15:06:02","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:06:02","slug":"c-%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6%e4%b8%b2%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/29\/c-%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6%e4%b8%b2%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08String\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a \u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002C++ \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08char \u6570\u7ec4\uff09<\/strong> \u548c C++ STL \u6807\u51c6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08std::string\uff09<\/strong> \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd C++ \u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u62fc\u63a5\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u6307\u9488\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4ee5\u53ca std::string<\/code> \u548c std::stringstream<\/code> \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. C++ \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08C-String\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f \u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5 '\\0'<\/code> \u7ed3\u5c3e<\/strong>\uff08\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

char str1[] = \"Hello\";  \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0 '\\0'\nchar str2[6] = \"World\"; \/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f 6\uff0c\u542b '\\0'\nchar str3[] = {'C', '+', '+', '\\0'}; \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u52a0 '\\0'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> char str3[] = {'C', '+', '+'};<\/code> \u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709 '\\0'<\/code> \u7ec8\u6b62\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
1.2 std::string<\/code>\uff08C++ STL \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C++ std::string<\/code> \u662f \u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    string str = \"Hello, C++!\";\n    cout << str << endl; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello, C++!\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08cstring<\/code> \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6 strlen()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n#include <cstring>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    char str[] = \"Hello\";\n    cout << \"Length: \" << strlen(str) << endl; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 5\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b '\\0'\uff09\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.2 \u590d\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 strcpy()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
char src[] = \"C++\";\nchar dest[10];\nstrcpy(dest, src);\ncout << dest; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa C++<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.3 \u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 strcat()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
char str1[20] = \"Hello, \";\nchar str2[] = \"World!\";\nstrcat(str1, str2);\ncout << str1; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello, World!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.4 \u6bd4\u8f83\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 strcmp()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
if (strcmp(\"abc\", \"abd\") < 0) {\n    cout << \"abc < abd\";\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • 0<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u76f8\u7b49<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • <0<\/code> \u8868\u793a str1 < str2<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • >0<\/code> \u8868\u793a str1 > str2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    3. std::string<\/code> \u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    3.1 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str1 = \"Hello\";\nstring str2(\"World\");\nstring str3(str1); \/\/ \u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.2 \u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    cout << str1.length();  \/\/ 5\ncout << str1.size();    \/\/ 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.3 \u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 +<\/code> \/ append()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str1 = \"Hello\";\nstring str2 = \" C++\";\nstring result = str1 + str2;\ncout << result; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello C++<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello\";\nstr.append(\", World!\");\ncout << str; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello, World!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.4 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u7b26 []<\/code> \/ at()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    cout << str[1];    \/\/ 'e'\ncout << str.at(1); \/\/ 'e'\uff0c\u5e26\u8fb9\u754c\u68c0\u67e5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.5 \u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 insert()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello!\";\nstr.insert(5, \", World\");\ncout << str; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello, World!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.6 \u5220\u9664\u5b57\u7b26 erase()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello, World!\";\nstr.erase(5, 7); \/\/ \u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 5 \u5f00\u59cb\u5220\u9664 7 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\ncout << str; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.7 \u67e5\u627e\u5b50\u4e32 find()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello, C++!\";\nsize_t pos = str.find(\"C++\");\nif (pos != string::npos) {\n    cout << \"Found at: \" << pos; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Found at: 7\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.8 \u622a\u53d6\u5b50\u4e32 substr()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello, World!\";\nstring sub = str.substr(7, 5); \/\/ \u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 7 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53d6 5 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\ncout << sub; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa World<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3.9 \u66ff\u6362\u5b50\u4e32 replace()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello, World!\";\nstr.replace(7, 5, \"C++\");\ncout << str; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello, C++!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    4. C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0e std::string<\/code> \u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    4.1 C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u2192 std::string<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    const char* cstr = \"Hello\";\nstring str(cstr);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    4.2 std::string<\/code> \u2192 C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str = \"Hello\";\nconst char* cstr = str.c_str();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> c_str()<\/code> \u8fd4\u56de\u7684 C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    5. \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    5.1 \u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u884c getline()<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string str;\ngetline(cin, str);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    5.2 \u8bfb\u53d6\u5355\u8bcd cin<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    string word;\ncin >> word;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    cin<\/code> \u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u524d<\/strong> \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    6. std::stringstream<\/code>\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6d41\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    std::stringstream<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790<\/strong> \u548c \u62fc\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <iostream>\n#include <sstream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    stringstream ss;\n    ss << \"Hello \" << 123 << \" World!\";\n    string result = ss.str();\n    cout << result; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Hello 123 World!\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong> \u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406 \u6570\u5b57\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6df7\u5408<\/strong> \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    7. \u52a8\u6001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08new<\/code> & delete<\/code>\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    char* str = new char[100]; \/\/ \u7533\u8bf7\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\nstrcpy(str, \"Hello, Dynamic String!\");\ncout << str;\ndelete[] str; \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u63a8\u8350\u7528 std::string<\/code> \u4ee3\u66ff\u52a8\u6001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong>\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    8. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • C \u98ce\u683c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong> (char[]<\/code>) \u4ee5 '\\0'<\/code> \u7ed3\u5c3e<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7528 std::string<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • std::string<\/code><\/strong> \u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u652f\u6301 \u62fc\u63a5\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u622a\u53d6\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • std::stringstream<\/code> \u9002\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790<\/strong> \u548c \u62fc\u63a5<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u52a8\u6001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7528 std::string<\/code> \u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08String\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a \u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3002C++ \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 C \u98ce\u683c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08char \u6570\u7ec4\uff09  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3271"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3273,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3271\/revisions\/3273"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}