{"id":3277,"date":"2025-03-29T15:08:44","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3277"},"modified":"2025-03-29T15:08:44","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:08:44","slug":"c-%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%88reference%ef%bc%89%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/29\/c-%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%88reference%ef%bc%89%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u5f15\u7528\uff08Reference\uff09\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\uff08Reference\uff09<\/strong> \u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6307\u9488\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u5728 \u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7b49<\/strong> \u65b9\u9762\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f15\u7528\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

int a = 10;\nint& ref = a;  \/\/ ref \u662f a \u7684\u522b\u540d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
ref<\/code> \u548c a<\/code> \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
1.2 \u5f15\u7528 vs. \u6307\u9488<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7279\u6027<\/th>\u5f15\u7528\uff08Reference\uff09<\/th>\u6307\u9488\uff08Pointer\uff09<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u53d8<\/td>\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td>\u53ef\u53d8<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u5f15\u7528<\/td>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981<\/strong><\/td>\u9700\u8981 *<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u503c<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u7a7a\u503c<\/td>\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a nullptr<\/code><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u6027<\/td>\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2<\/strong><\/td>\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
int a = 10;\nint& ref = a;  \/\/ ref \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230 a\ncout << ref << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6307\u9488\u90a3\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u518d\u8d4b\u503c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7ed1\u5b9a\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6307\u5411\u522b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    2.2 \u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    int a = 10;\nint& ref = a;\nref = 20;  \/\/ \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e a = 20\ncout << a; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 20<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    3. \u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    3.1 \u5f15\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u4f20\u9012\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \uff081\uff09\u4f20\u9012\u5f15\u7528\u907f\u514d\u503c\u62f7\u8d1d<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    void modify(int& x) {\n    x += 10;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    int a = 5;\n    modify(a);\n    cout << a;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 15\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u597d\u5904\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \uff082\uff09const<\/code> \u5f15\u7528\u907f\u514d\u4fee\u6539<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u52a0 const<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      void print(const int& x) {\n    cout << x;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u786e\u4fdd\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        3.2 \u5f15\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \uff081\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\u666e\u901a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        int& getValue(int& x) {\n    return x;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    int a = 10;\n    int& ref = getValue(a);\n    ref = 20;\n    cout << a; \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 20\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u5f15\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u503c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u4e0d\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff08\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u65e0\u6548\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \uff082\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          class Test {\nprivate:\n    int data;\npublic:\n    Test(int d) : data(d) {}\n    int& getData() { return data; }  \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Test t(100);\n    int& ref = t.getData();\n    ref = 200;  \/\/ \u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\n    cout << t.getData();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 200\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          4. \u5e38\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\uff08const<\/code> Reference\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \u5e38\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\uff08const &<\/code>\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          void display(const string& text) {\n    cout << text;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    string str = \"Hello\";\n    display(str);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u786e\u4fdd\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            5. \u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7ed3\u5408<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            int a = 10;\nint* p = &a;\nint*& ptrRef = p;  \/\/ ptrRef \u662f\u6307\u9488 p \u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u4fee\u6539 ptrRef<\/code>\uff0c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539 p<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            6. \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08C++11 \u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08&&<\/code>\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            string foo() {\n    return \"Hello\";\n}\n\nstring&& rref = foo();  \/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\ncout << rref;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u652f\u6301\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/strong>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • std::move()<\/code> \u7ed3\u5408\u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u9ad8\u6548\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              7. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \u5173\u952e\u70b9<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
              \u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong><\/td>\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>
              \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/strong><\/td>\u7ed1\u5b9a\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>
              \u5f15\u7528\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/strong><\/td>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7b49<\/td><\/tr>
              const &<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u8bfb\u5f15\u7528<\/strong><\/td>\u9632\u6b62\u4fee\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d<\/td><\/tr>
              \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08&&<\/code>\uff09\u652f\u6301\u79fb\u52a8\u8bed\u4e49<\/strong><\/td>\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u62f7\u8d1d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              8. \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012<\/strong>\uff08int&<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u539f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cconst int&<\/code> \u53ea\u8bfb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/strong>\uff08\u907f\u514d\u989d\u5916\u62f7\u8d1d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u7c7b\u6210\u5458<\/strong>\uff08\u8fd4\u56de\u5f15\u7528\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u53f3\u503c\u5f15\u7528\uff08&&<\/code>\uff09<\/strong>\uff08\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\uff08Reference\uff09 \u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u4e86 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3277"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3279,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3277\/revisions\/3279"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}