{"id":3286,"date":"2025-03-29T15:11:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3286"},"modified":"2025-03-29T15:11:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T07:11:26","slug":"c-%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e4%bd%93%ef%bc%88struct%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/29\/c-%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e4%bd%93%ef%bc%88struct%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct<\/code>\uff09<\/strong> \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0cstruct<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f \u516c\u6709\u7684\uff08public<\/code>\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\uff08class<\/code>\uff09\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f \u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff08private<\/code>\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nstruct Person {\n    std::string name;\n    int age;\n    double height;\n};\n\nint main() {\n    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u521d\u59cb\u5316\n    Person p1 = {\"\u5f20\u4e09\", 25, 1.75};\n\n    \/\/ \u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6210\u5458\n    std::cout << \"\u59d3\u540d: \" << p1.name << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"\u5e74\u9f84: \" << p1.age << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"\u8eab\u9ad8: \" << p1.height << \"m\" << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u59d3\u540d: \u5f20\u4e09\n\u5e74\u9f84: 25\n\u8eab\u9ad8: 1.75m<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\nstruct Student {\n    std::string name;\n    int age;\n};\n\nint main() {\n    \/\/ \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4\n    Student students[3] = {\n        {\"\u674e\u56db\", 20},\n        {\"\u738b\u4e94\", 21},\n        {\"\u8d75\u516d\", 22}\n    };\n\n    \/\/ \u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {\n        std::cout << \"\u59d3\u540d: \" << students[i].name << \", \u5e74\u9f84: \" << students[i].age << std::endl;\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u59d3\u540d: \u674e\u56db, \u5e74\u9f84: 20\n\u59d3\u540d: \u738b\u4e94, \u5e74\u9f84: 21\n\u59d3\u540d: \u8d75\u516d, \u5e74\u9f84: 22<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
3. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6307\u9488<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 \u6307\u9488<\/strong> \u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 -><\/code>\uff08\u7bad\u5934\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\nstruct Car {\n    std::string brand;\n    int year;\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Car myCar = {\"Tesla\", 2023};\n    Car *pCar = &myCar;  \/\/ \u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\n\n    \/\/ \u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6210\u5458\n    std::cout << \"\u54c1\u724c: \" << pCar->brand << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"\u5e74\u4efd: \" << pCar->year << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u54c1\u724c: Tesla\n\u5e74\u4efd: 2023<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
4. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5d4c\u5957<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\nstruct Address {\n    std::string city;\n    std::string street;\n};\n\nstruct Employee {\n    std::string name;\n    int age;\n    Address address;  \/\/ \u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Employee emp = {\"\u5f20\u4e09\", 30, {\"\u5317\u4eac\", \"\u957f\u5b89\u8857\"}};\n\n    std::cout << \"\u59d3\u540d: \" << emp.name << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"\u5e74\u9f84: \" << emp.age << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"\u57ce\u5e02: \" << emp.address.city << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"\u8857\u9053: \" << emp.address.street << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u59d3\u540d: \u5f20\u4e09\n\u5e74\u9f84: 30\n\u57ce\u5e02: \u5317\u4eac\n\u8857\u9053: \u957f\u5b89\u8857<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
5. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684 \u53c2\u6570<\/strong> \u548c \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.1 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u503c\u4f20\u9012\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\nstruct Point {\n    int x, y;\n};\n\n\/\/ \u4f20\u9012\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nvoid printPoint(Point p) {\n    std::cout << \"\u5750\u6807: (\" << p.x << \", \" << p.y << \")\" << std::endl;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    Point p1 = {3, 4};\n    printPoint(p1);\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5750\u6807: (3, 4)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u662f\u503c\u4f20\u9012<\/strong>\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4fee\u6539 p<\/code> \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd main()<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684 p1<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
5.2 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \u5f15\u7528<\/strong> \u4f20\u9012\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\nstruct Point {\n    int x, y;\n};\n\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\nvoid movePoint(Point &p, int dx, int dy) {\n    p.x += dx;\n    p.y += dy;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    Point p1 = {3, 4};\n    movePoint(p1, 2, 3);\n    std::cout << \"\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u5750\u6807: (\" << p1.x << \", \" << p1.y << \")\" << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u5750\u6807: (5, 7)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd9\u91cc p<\/code> \u662f\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012<\/strong>\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4fee\u6539 p<\/code> \u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong> main()<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684 p1<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
5.3 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\nstruct Rectangle {\n    int width, height;\n};\n\n\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\nRectangle createRectangle(int w, int h) {\n    return {w, h};\n}\n\nint main() {\n    Rectangle r = createRectangle(10, 5);\n    std::cout << \"\u77e9\u5f62\u5bbd: \" << r.width << \", \u9ad8: \" << r.height << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u77e9\u5f62\u5bbd: 10, \u9ad8: 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
6. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e typedef<\/code> \u548c using<\/code><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 typedef<\/code> \u6216 using<\/code> \u4e3a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u521b\u5efa\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 typedef\ntypedef struct {\n    int x, y;\n} Point;\n\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 using\nusing Rectangle = struct {\n    int width, height;\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Point p = {2, 3};\n    Rectangle r = {5, 10};\n\n    std::cout << \"Point: (\" << p.x << \", \" << p.y << \")\" << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"Rectangle: \" << r.width << \" x \" << r.height << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Point: (2, 3)\nRectangle: 5 x 10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
7. \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c class<\/code> \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/th>struct<\/code>\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff09<\/strong><\/th>class<\/code>\uff08\u7c7b\uff09<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/td>public<\/code><\/td>private<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u652f\u6301\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/td>\u662f<\/td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr>
\u9002\u7528\u4e8e<\/strong><\/td>\u7eaf\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/td>\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr>
\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/td>public<\/code><\/td>private<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
struct MyStruct {\n    int a;\n};  \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4 `public`\n\nclass MyClass {\n    int a;  \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4 `private`\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/strong> \u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u6307\u9488\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u6307\u9488\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c class<\/code> \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7eaf\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct\uff09 \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3286"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3288,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3286\/revisions\/3288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}