{"id":3325,"date":"2025-03-29T17:14:35","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T09:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3325"},"modified":"2025-03-29T17:14:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T09:14:35","slug":"c-%e6%a8%a1%e6%9d%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/03\/29\/c-%e6%a8%a1%e6%9d%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ \u6a21\u677f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C++ \u6a21\u677f\u662f C++ \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u5199\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u652f\u6301\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002C++ \u6a21\u677f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f<\/strong>\u548c\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\ntemplate <typename T>\nT max(T a, T b) {\n    return (a > b) ? a : b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    cout << max(3, 5) << endl;  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 int \u7c7b\u578b\n    cout << max(3.5, 2.5) << endl;  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 double \u7c7b\u578b\n    cout << max('a', 'b') << endl;  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 char \u7c7b\u578b\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
5\n3.5\nb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • template <typename T><\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d T<\/code> \u662f\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • max(T a, T b)<\/code>\uff1a\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    1.2 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    C++ \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u53c2\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate <typename T>\nT add(T a, T b) {\n    return a + b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    cout << add(3, 4) << endl;  \/\/ T \u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a int\n    cout << add(3.5, 2.5) << endl;  \/\/ T \u88ab\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a double\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    7\n6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e 3<\/code> \u548c 4<\/code> \u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa T<\/code> \u4e3a int<\/code>\uff0c\u6839\u636e 3.5<\/code> \u548c 2.5<\/code> \u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa T<\/code> \u4e3a double<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      1.3 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u5b9a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u5c3d\u7ba1 C++ \u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate <typename T>\nT add(T a, T b) {\n    return a + b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    cout << add<int>(3, 4) << endl;  \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a int\n    cout << add<double>(3.5, 2.5) << endl;  \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a double\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      7\n6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      2.1 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u80fd\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\ntemplate <typename T>\nclass Box {\nprivate:\n    T value;\npublic:\n    Box(T v) : value(v) {}\n    T getValue() { return value; }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Box<int> intBox(10);  \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u653e int \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Box\n    Box<double> doubleBox(3.14);  \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u653e double \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Box\n\n    cout << intBox.getValue() << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a10\n    cout << doubleBox.getValue() << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3.14\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      10\n3.14<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • template <typename T><\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0cT<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Box(int v)<\/code>\uff1a\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316 value<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • T getValue()<\/code>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        2.2 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u6a21\u677f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bb1\u5b50\uff0c\u80fd\u5b58\u653e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\ntemplate <typename T1, typename T2>\nclass Pair {\nprivate:\n    T1 first;\n    T2 second;\npublic:\n    Pair(T1 f, T2 s) : first(f), second(s) {}\n    T1 getFirst() { return first; }\n    T2 getSecond() { return second; }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Pair<int, double> p(3, 4.5);  \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u653e int \u548c double \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Pair\n    cout << p.getFirst() << \", \" << p.getSecond() << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3, 4.5\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        3, 4.5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • template <typename T1, typename T2><\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570 T1<\/code> \u548c T2<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Pair<int, double><\/code>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a Pair<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a int<\/code> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a double<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          2.3 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          C++ \u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\ntemplate <typename T = int>\nclass Box {\nprivate:\n    T value;\npublic:\n    Box(T v) : value(v) {}\n    T getValue() { return value; }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Box<> intBox(10);  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 int \u7c7b\u578b\n    Box<double> doubleBox(3.14);  \/\/ \u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a double \u7c7b\u578b\n\n    cout << intBox.getValue() << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a10\n    cout << doubleBox.getValue() << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3.14\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
          10\n3.14<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • template <typename T = int><\/code>\uff1a\u4e3a T<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7c7b\u578b int<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Box<> intBox(10);<\/code>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cT<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f int<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            3. \u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316\uff08Template Specialization\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316\u662f\u6307\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            3.1 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate <typename T>\nT max(T a, T b) {\n    return (a > b) ? a : b;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u7279\u5316 max \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u4e3a char \u7c7b\u578b\ntemplate <>\nchar max<char>(char a, char b) {\n    cout << \"Specialized version for char!\" << endl;\n    return (a > b) ? a : b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    cout << max(3, 5) << endl;  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c\n    cout << max('a', 'b') << endl;  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5316\u7248\u672c\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            5\nSpecialized version for char!\nb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • template <> char max<char>(char a, char b)<\/code>\uff1a\u4e3a char<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u5316\u4e86 max<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              3.2 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              #include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\ntemplate <typename T>\nclass Box {\nprivate:\n    T value;\npublic:\n    Box(T v) : value(v) {}\n    T getValue() { return value; }\n};\n\n\/\/ \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316\u4e3a char \u7c7b\u578b\ntemplate <>\nclass Box<char> {\nprivate:\n    char value;\npublic:\n    Box(char v) : value(v) {}\n    char getValue() { return value; }\n    void display() { cout << \"Character Box: \" << value << endl; }\n};\n\nint main() {\n    Box<int> intBox(10);\n    Box<char> charBox('A');\n\n    cout << intBox.getValue() << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a10\n    charBox.display();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aCharacter Box: A\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              10\nCharacter Box: A<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • template <> class Box<char><\/code>\uff1a\u7279\u5316\u4e86 Box<\/code> \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e3a char<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684 display<\/code> \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                4. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                C++ \u6a21\u677f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f<\/strong>\u548c\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u677f\u7279\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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