{"id":339,"date":"2024-12-19T00:10:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T16:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=339"},"modified":"2024-12-19T00:31:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T16:31:01","slug":"javascript-%e7%9a%84%e7%b1%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/19\/javascript-%e7%9a%84%e7%b1%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u7684\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684 \u7c7b\uff08class<\/code>\uff09<\/strong> \u662f ES6 \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7c7b\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\uff0cJavaScript \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. \u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

JavaScript \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u62ec\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08constructor<\/code>\uff09\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

class ClassName {\n    constructor() {\n        \/\/ \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\n    }\n\n    methodName() {\n        \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08constructor<\/code>\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
constructor() {\n    \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class Person {\n    constructor(name, age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    greet() {\n        console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`);\n    }\n}\n\nconst person1 = new Person(\"Alice\", 25);\nperson1.greet();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 25 years old.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3. \u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7 this<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class Car {\n    constructor(brand, model) {\n        this.brand = brand;\n        this.model = model;\n    }\n\n    displayInfo() {\n        console.log(`This car is a ${this.brand} ${this.model}.`);\n    }\n}\n\nconst myCar = new Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\");\nmyCar.displayInfo();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: This car is a Toyota Corolla.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4. \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08static<\/code>\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
static methodName() {\n    \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class MathUtils {\n    static add(a, b) {\n        return a + b;\n    }\n}\n\nconsole.log(MathUtils.add(2, 3));  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5. \u7ee7\u627f\uff08extends<\/code>\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
JavaScript \u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 extends<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\uff08\u8986\u76d6\uff09\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class ChildClass extends ParentClass {\n    constructor() {\n        super();  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class Animal {\n    constructor(name) {\n        this.name = name;\n    }\n\n    speak() {\n        console.log(`${this.name} makes a noise.`);\n    }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n    constructor(name, breed) {\n        super(name);  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        this.breed = breed;\n    }\n\n    speak() {\n        console.log(`${this.name} barks.`);\n    }\n}\n\nconst dog = new Dog(\"Buddy\", \"Golden Retriever\");\ndog.speak();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Buddy barks.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDog<\/code> \u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u8986\u76d6\u4e86 speak<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 Dog<\/code> \u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8c03\u7528 speak()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. super<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
super<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8c03\u7528 super()<\/code> \u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 this<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class Parent {\n    constructor(name) {\n        this.name = name;\n    }\n\n    greet() {\n        console.log(`Hello, ${this.name}!`);\n    }\n}\n\nclass Child extends Parent {\n    constructor(name, age) {\n        super(name);  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    greet() {\n        super.greet();  \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684 greet \u65b9\u6cd5\n        console.log(`I am ${this.age} years old.`);\n    }\n}\n\nconst child = new Child(\"Alice\", 10);\nchild.greet();\n\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa:\n\/\/ Hello, Alice!\n\/\/ I am 10 years old.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
7. \u5b9e\u4f8b\u548c\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 this<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class Rectangle {\n    constructor(length, width) {\n        this.length = length;\n        this.width = width;\n    }\n\n    area() {\n        return this.length * this.width;\n    }\n\n    perimeter() {\n        return 2 * (this.length + this.width);\n    }\n}\n\nconst myRectangle = new Rectangle(10, 5);\nconsole.log(myRectangle.area());  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 50\nconsole.log(myRectangle.perimeter());  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 30<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
8. getter \u548c setter<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u4e49 getter<\/strong> \u548c setter<\/strong> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002getter<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\uff0csetter<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
get propertyName() {\n    return this._propertyName;\n}\n\nset propertyName(value) {\n    this._propertyName = value;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
class Person {\n    constructor(name, age) {\n        this._name = name;\n        this._age = age;\n    }\n\n    get name() {\n        return this._name;\n    }\n\n    set name(newName) {\n        this._name = newName;\n    }\n\n    get age() {\n        return this._age;\n    }\n\n    set age(newAge) {\n        if (newAge > 0) {\n            this._age = newAge;\n        } else {\n            console.log(\"Age must be positive.\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nconst person1 = new Person(\"Alice\", 25);\nconsole.log(person1.name);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Alice\nperson1.name = \"Bob\";\nconsole.log(person1.name);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Bob\n\nperson1.age = -5;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Age must be positive.\nconsole.log(person1.age);  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: 25<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
9. \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff0c\u7c7b\u5305\u542b\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 constructor<\/code> \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 extends<\/code> \u548c super<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 static<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u58f0\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • getter \u548c setter<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 get<\/code> \u548c set<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684 \u7c7b\uff08class\uff09 \u662f ES6 \u5f15\u5165\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-javascript"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":349,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions\/349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}