{"id":3523,"date":"2025-04-13T13:48:49","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T05:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3523"},"modified":"2025-04-13T13:48:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T05:48:49","slug":"c-%e5%a4%9a%e6%80%81%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%88polymorphism%ef%bc%89%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/04\/13\/c-%e5%a4%9a%e6%80%81%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%88polymorphism%ef%bc%89%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"C# \u591a\u6001\u6027\uff08Polymorphism\uff09\u5168\u9762\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5bf9 C# \u591a\u6001\u6027\uff08Polymorphism\uff09<\/strong> \u7684\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8f85\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u591a\u6001\uff08Polymorphism\uff09\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u591a\u6001\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u201d\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc \u901a\u4fd7\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. \u591a\u6001\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u7279\u70b9<\/th>\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f<\/th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001\uff08\u9759\u6001\uff09<\/td>\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u95f4\u786e\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d<\/td>Add(int, int)<\/code> vs Add(double, double)<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\uff08\u52a8\u6001\uff09<\/td>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\u865a\u65b9\u6cd5 + \u91cd\u5199\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\u7236\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5411\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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3. \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001\uff08\u9759\u6001\u591a\u6001\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Method Overloading\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4e2a\u6570\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

class Printer {\n    public void Print(string text) => Console.WriteLine(text);\n    public void Print(int number) => Console.WriteLine(number);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u2705 \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u95f4\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
3.2 \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Operator Overloading\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 +<\/code>, -<\/code>, *<\/code>, \/<\/code> \u7b49\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Vector {\n    public int X, Y;\n    public static Vector operator +(Vector v1, Vector v2)\n        => new Vector { X = v1.X + v2.X, Y = v1.Y + v2.Y };\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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4. \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u6001\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u8fc7 \u865a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08virtual<\/code>\uff09<\/strong> \u548c \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08override<\/code>\uff09<\/strong> \u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u91cd\u5199<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class Animal {\n    public virtual void Speak() => Console.WriteLine(\"Animal speaks\");\n}\n\nclass Dog : Animal {\n    public override void Speak() => Console.WriteLine(\"Dog barks\");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.2 \u591a\u6001\u6027\u6f14\u793a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Animal myPet = new Dog();\nmyPet.Speak();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: Dog barks<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2714\ufe0f \u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d8\u91cf\u662f Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u662f Dog<\/code> \u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684 Speak<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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5. \u63a5\u53e3\u591a\u6001\uff08Interface-based Polymorphism\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6001\u6027\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
interface IShape {\n    void Draw();\n}\n\nclass Circle : IShape {\n    public void Draw() => Console.WriteLine(\"Drawing Circle\");\n}\n\nclass Square : IShape {\n    public void Draw() => Console.WriteLine(\"Drawing Square\");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u591a\u6001<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
IShape shape = new Circle();\nshape.Draw();  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Drawing Circle<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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6. \u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\uff08Abstract Class\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
abstract class Shape {\n    public abstract void Draw();\n}\n\nclass Triangle : Shape {\n    public override void Draw() => Console.WriteLine(\"Draw triangle\");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Shape s = new Triangle();\ns.Draw(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa Draw triangle<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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7. \u591a\u6001\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u573a\u666f<\/th>\u591a\u6001\u4f5c\u7528<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
GUI \u63a7\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u4ef6\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u57fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u91cd\u5199\u7ed8\u5236\u884c\u4e3a<\/td><\/tr>
\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\u62bd\u8c61\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr>
\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c42<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982 MySQL\u3001SQL Server\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1<\/td>\u654c\u4eba\u3001NPC \u90fd\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea Entity \u7c7b\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u884c\u4e3a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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8. \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u70b9<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
new<\/code> \u9690\u85cf<\/td>\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u57fa\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cd\u5199<\/td><\/tr>
\u975e\u865a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u5199\u672a\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a virtual<\/code> \u6216 abstract<\/code> \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr>
\u591a\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/td>\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7c7b\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\u5f15\u7528\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u624d\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u591a\u6001\u6027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
public class A {\n    public virtual void Show() => Console.WriteLine(\"A\");\n}\n\npublic class B : A {\n    public new void Show() => Console.WriteLine(\"B\");\n}\n\nA obj = new B();\nobj.Show(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa A\uff08\u4e0d\u662f B\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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9. \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u6743\u5a01\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n