{"id":3688,"date":"2025-05-10T17:28:16","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T09:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3688"},"modified":"2025-05-10T17:28:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T09:28:16","slug":"mysql-%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e6%85%a2%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/10\/mysql-%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e6%85%a2%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL \u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MySQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898<\/strong> \u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u9a8c\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f60\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u601d\u8def\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u786e\u5b9a\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\u8981\u660e\u786e\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u3002\u5728 MySQL \u4e2d\uff0c\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7 long_query_time<\/code> \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\u7684 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u542f\u7528\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
-- \u5f00\u542f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\nSET GLOBAL slow_query_log = 1;\n-- \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4\u9608\u503c\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u79d2\uff09\nSET GLOBAL long_query_time = 1;\n-- \u67e5\u770b\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\nSHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'slow_query_log_file';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
1.2 \u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN<\/code> \u5206\u6790\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • EXPLAIN<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3 MySQL \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u578b\uff08ALL<\/code>, INDEX<\/code>, RANGE<\/code>, REF<\/code>, EQ_REF<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'test@example.com';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    2. \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u56e0\u53ca\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    2.1 \u7d22\u5f15\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u7f3a\u5c11\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u6216\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u786e\u4fdd\u7d22\u5f15\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f4e\u6548\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u5197\u4f59\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u79fb\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      -- \u521b\u5efa\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\nCREATE INDEX idx_user_email_status ON users (email, status);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      2.2 \u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • **\u907f\u514d SELECT ***<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u5b57\u6bb5\u4ee3\u66ff SELECT *<\/code>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u907f\u514d\u51fd\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u4e0d\u8981\u5728 WHERE<\/code> \u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u51cf\u5c11\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 JOIN<\/code> \u4ee3\u66ff\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 MySQL \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        -- \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE YEAR(created_at) = 2023;\n\n-- \u63a8\u8350\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE created_at BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-12-31';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        2.3 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u53cd\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u5e73\u8861<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u89c6\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u3001\u5782\u76f4\u62c6\u5206\u6216\u6c34\u5e73\u62c6\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528 TEXT<\/code>\u3001BLOB<\/code> \u7b49\u5927\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          2.4 \u9501\u4e89\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u907f\u514d\u5927\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u5c06\u5927\u4e8b\u52a1\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7b49\u5f85<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11 SELECT ... FOR UPDATE<\/code> \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u963b\u585e\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            3. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53c2\u6570\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            3.1 \u8c03\u6574\u7f13\u5b58\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • innodb_buffer_pool_size<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684 60-80%\uff0c\u52a0\u901f InnoDB \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • query_cache_size<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u5f00\u542f\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G;\nSET GLOBAL query_cache_size = 256M;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              3.2 \u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • max_connections<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u589e\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • thread_cache_size<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u589e\u52a0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                4. \u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • \u786c\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u589e\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 SSD \u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8 I\/O \u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n\n
                  5. \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u4f7f\u7528\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • pt-query-digest<\/code> \u6216 mysqldumpslow<\/code> \u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8017\u65f6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u5b9a\u671f\u4f18\u5316\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6e05\u7406\u788e\u7247\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    6. MySQL \u7248\u672c\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684 MySQL \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5f15\u64ce\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMySQL 8.0 \u5f15\u5165\u4e86**INVISIBLE INDEX<\/code>** \u548c\u66f4\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      7. \u9762\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u8981\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u660e\u786e\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u627e\u5230\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f60\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN<\/code> \u5206\u6790\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f18\u5316 SQL \u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8c03\u6574\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • \u5168\u9762\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u5355\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \n\n\n\n
                        \u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                        MySQL \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898 \u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mysql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3690,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions\/3690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}