{"id":3691,"date":"2025-05-10T17:34:50","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T09:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3691"},"modified":"2025-05-10T17:34:50","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T09:34:50","slug":"mysql-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/10\/mysql-%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL \u6027\u80fd\u600e\u4e48\u4f18\u5316\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

MySQL \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u00a0\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u53ca\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u6162 SQL \u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u6162 SQL \u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1.1 \u542f\u7528\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u542f\u7528\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-- \u5f00\u542f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\nSET GLOBAL slow_query_log = 1;\n-- \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9608\u503c\uff08\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u79d2\uff09\nSET GLOBAL long_query_time = 1;\n-- \u67e5\u770b\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\nSHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'slow_query_log_file';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
1.2 \u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN<\/code> \u5206\u6790\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN<\/code> \u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'test@example.com';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • EXPLAIN<\/code> \u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • type<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cALL<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\uff0cindex<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • rows<\/code>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • key<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u82e5\u65e0\u5219\u4e3a NULL<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    1.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • pt-query-digest<\/code><\/strong>\uff1aPercona Toolkit \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ece\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • mysqldumpslow<\/code><\/strong>\uff1aMySQL \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      mysqldumpslow -s t -t 10 \/path\/to\/slow-query.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6700\u6162\u7684\u524d 10 \u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      2. \u9488\u5bf9\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      2.1 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • **\u907f\u514d SELECT *\uff0c\u53ea\u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5**\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u907f\u514d\u5728 WHERE \u5b50\u53e5\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7d22\u5f15\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837 MySQL \u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528 JOIN<\/code> \u4ee3\u66ff\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u591a\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        -- \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE YEAR(order_date) = 2023;\n\n-- \u63a8\u8350\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-12-31';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        2.2 \u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u786e\u4fdd\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u521b\u5efa\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u907f\u514d\u5197\u4f59\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          -- \u521b\u5efa\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\nCREATE INDEX idx_user_email_status ON users (email, status);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          3. \u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          3.1 \u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u3001\u884c\u7ea7\u9501\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 InnoDB<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 MyISAM<\/strong>\uff08\u4f46\u5df2\u9010\u6b65\u88ab InnoDB \u53d6\u4ee3\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            -- \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\nSHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE Name='your_table_name';\n\n-- \u4fee\u6539\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4e3a InnoDB\nALTER TABLE your_table_name ENGINE=InnoDB;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            3.2 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868<\/strong>\uff08\u6309\u7528\u6237 ID \u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5355\u8868\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u5782\u76f4\u62c6\u5206<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u6570\u636e\uff09\u5206\u5f00\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u5355\u8868\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              3.3 \u7f13\u5b58\u5c42<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u4f7f\u7528 Redis<\/strong> \u6216 Memcached<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f13\u5b58\u5c42\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u70ed\u70b9\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5e38\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u5546\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6599\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                4. \u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                4.1 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • innodb_buffer_pool_size<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0 InnoDB \u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u6c60\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8 I\/O\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • query_cache_size<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u867d\u7136\u5728 MySQL 8.0 \u5df2\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u4ecd\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • max_connections<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u8c03\u6574\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G;\nSET GLOBAL max_connections = 1000;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  4.2 \u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u907f\u514d\u7f13\u5b58\u9891\u7e41\u5931\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    4.3 \u786c\u4ef6\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u4f7f\u7528 SSD<\/strong> \u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u673a\u68b0\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u63d0\u5347 I\/O \u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u589e\u52a0\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \n\n\n\n
                      5. \u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      5.1 \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • \u5b9a\u671f\u67e5\u770b\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        5.2 \u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u4f7f\u7528 Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM)<\/strong> \u6216 Zabbix<\/strong> \u7b49\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n
                          \u9762\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u8981\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • \u6b65\u9aa4\u6e05\u6670<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u7136\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u8fdb\u884c SQL \u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u4e3e\u51fa\u4f60\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN<\/code>\u3001pt-query-digest<\/code> \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5b9a\u671f\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            \n\n\n\n
                            \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c55\u793a\u4f60\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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