{"id":3803,"date":"2025-07-06T11:36:48","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T03:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3803"},"modified":"2025-07-06T11:37:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T03:37:11","slug":"%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91-dba-%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4%e7%9a%84mysqldump-%e9%80%bb%e8%be%91%e5%a4%87%e4%bb%bd%e5%ae%9e%e6%93%8d%e6%89%8b%e5%86%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/06\/%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91-dba-%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4%e7%9a%84mysqldump-%e9%80%bb%e8%be%91%e5%a4%87%e4%bb%bd%e5%ae%9e%e6%93%8d%e6%89%8b%e5%86%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9762\u5411 DBA \u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u201cmysqldump \u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u201d\u5b9e\u64cd\u624b\u518c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4efd<strong>\u9762\u5411 DBA \u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u201cmysqldump \u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u201d\u5b9e\u64cd\u624b\u518c<\/strong>\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5e38\u7528\/\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u6062\u590d\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5747\u57fa\u4e8e <strong>MySQL 5.7\/8.0 \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/strong> \u548c\u793e\u533a\u6743\u5a01\u8d44\u6599\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 Linux\/macOS\uff08Bash\uff09\u3001Windows PowerShell \u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd vs \u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u65b9\u5f0f<\/th><th>\u5de5\u5177<\/th><th>\u5185\u5bb9<\/th><th>\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd<\/td><td><code>mysqldump<\/code>\u3001<code>mysqlpump<\/code><\/td><td>\u751f\u6210 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\uff08DDL + DML\uff09<\/td><td>\u5c0f\u4e2d\u578b\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u8de8\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u8868\u7ea7\u5bfc\u5165\u5bfc\u51fa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7269\u7406\u5907\u4efd<\/td><td><code>mysqlbackup<\/code> (Enterprise)\u3001<code>xtrabackup<\/code> (\u793e\u533a)<\/td><td>\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6 \/ InnoDB \u9875<\/td><td>TB \u7ea7\u70ed\u5907\u3001Point\u2011in\u2011time \u6062\u590d\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u56de\u6eda<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5168\u5e93\u5bfc\u51fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysqldump -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1 \\\n  --databases mydb1 mydb2 \\\n  --single-transaction --master-data=2 \\\n  --routines --events --triggers \\\n  --default-character-set=utf8mb4 \\\n  --hex-blob \\\n  &gt; alldb_$(date +%F).sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>--single-transaction<\/code>\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u70ed\u5907\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9501\u8868\uff08\u4ec5\u9002\u7528 InnoDB\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--master-data=2<\/code>\uff1a\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5199\u5165 <code>CHANGE MASTER TO<\/code>\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--routines --events --triggers<\/code>\uff1a\u8fde\u540c\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>--hex-blob<\/code>\uff1a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 \/ BLOB \u5217\u5b89\u5168\u8f6c\u50a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>> xxx.sql<\/code>\uff1a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u4ea6\u53ef <code>| gzip > xxx.sql.gz<\/code> \u7acb\u5373\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001\u8868\u7ea7\uff0f\u6761\u4ef6\u5907\u4efd\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6307\u5b9a\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysqldump -u backup -p --databases sales --tables orders order_items &gt; sales_orders.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6392\u9664\u8868\uff08\u22658.0.29\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysqldump --databases sales \\\n  --ignore-table=sales.logs \\\n  --ignore-table=sales.temp_data \\\n  &gt; sales_without_logs.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WHERE \u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u5355\u8868\u5bfc\u51fa\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysqldump test orders --where=\"created_at &gt;= '2025-01-01'\" &gt; orders_2025.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u9690\u85cf\u5bc6\u7801<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>~\/.my.cnf<\/code>\u202f\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u51ed\u636e\u5e76\u9650\u5236 600 \u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;client]\nuser=backup\npassword=\"S3cr3tP@ss\"\nhost=127.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u7701\u7565 <code>-u\/-p<\/code>\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5bc6\u7801\u6cc4\u9732\u5230 <code>ps<\/code> \u5217\u8868\u6216 shell \u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u5206\u5377<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysqldump mydb | gzip | split -b 2G - mydb_$(date +%F).sql.gz.part-<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>split -b 2G<\/code>\uff1a\u6309 2\u202fGB \u5206\u5377\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6062\u590d\uff1a<code>cat mydb_2025-07-06.sql.gz.part-* | gunzip | mysql mydb<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysql -u root -p &lt; alldb_2025-07-06.sql     # \u5168\u91cf\u6062\u590d\nmysql --database=mydb &lt; mydb_schema.sql     # \u5355\u5e93\nmysql mydb &lt; orders_2025.sql                # \u8868\u6216\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5907\u4efd\u5305\u542b <code>DROP DATABASE \/ TABLE<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u5148\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u9a8c\u8bc1\u518d\u5bfc\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e03\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8c03\u5ea6 (Cron \u793a\u4f8b)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>\/etc\/cron.d\/mysqldump-nightly<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>0 2 * * * backup \/usr\/bin\/mysqldump --defaults-file=\/home\/backup\/.my.cnf \\\n  --single-transaction --quick --databases prod | gzip &gt; \/backup\/prod_$(date +\\%F).sql.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>--quick<\/code>\uff1a\u884c\u6d41\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u5408 <strong>\u79bb\u7ebf\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff08S3\u3001OSS\uff09\u6216\u5f02\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516b\u3001\u5927\u5e93\/\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u52a0\u56fa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u6280\u5de7<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>--chunk-size=N<\/code><\/td><td>\u628a InnoDB \u8868\u5206\u5757\u5bfc\u51fa\uff08<code>mysqlpump<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u53ea\u5bfc\u51fa\u4ece\u5e93<\/td><td>\u4e3b\u5e93\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7981\u7528 binlog<\/td><td><code>SET sql_log_bin=0;<\/code> \u5185\u5d4c\u5230 dump\uff0c\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u6062\u590d\u65f6 binlog \u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u786e\u8ba4 GTID<\/td><td><code>--set-gtid-purged=ON<\/code> \u65b9\u4fbf GTID \u590d\u5236\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e5d\u3001\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6f14\u7ec3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6821\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   sha256sum *.sql.gz &gt; backup.sha<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u6062\u590d\u5e76\u8dd1\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Docker\uff1a<code>docker run --name testdb -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=1 -d mysql:8<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bfc\u5165\u5907\u4efd\uff1a<code>docker exec -i testdb mysql &lt; alldb.sql<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u707e\u96be\u6f14\u7ec3<\/strong>\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5b63\u5ea6\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd17 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MySQL 8.0 Reference \u2013 <em>mysqldump \u2013 A Database Backup Program<\/em><br><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/mysqldump.html\">https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/mysqldump.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MySQL Shell \u2013 <code>util.dumpInstance()<\/code>\uff08\u5e76\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u9002\u5408 MySQL 8.0+ \u5927\u5e93\uff09<br><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/mysql-shell\/8.0\/en\/mysql-shell-utilities-instance-dump.html\">https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/mysql-shell\/8.0\/en\/mysql-shell-utilities-instance-dump.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oracle MySQL Backup Best Practices Whitepaper<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u9762\u5411 DBA \u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u201cmysqldump \u903b\u8f91\u5907\u4efd\u201d\u5b9e\u64cd\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5e38\u7528\/\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879\u3001\u538b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3804,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mysql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3803"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3806,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3803\/revisions\/3806"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}