{"id":3807,"date":"2025-07-06T13:40:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T05:40:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=3807"},"modified":"2025-07-06T13:40:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T05:40:43","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8-mysql-%e4%b8%ad%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%bf%81%e7%a7%bb%ef%bc%88schema-migration%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/06\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8-mysql-%e4%b8%ad%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%bf%81%e7%a7%bb%ef%bc%88schema-migration%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728 MySQL \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\uff08Schema Migration\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5728 MySQL \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93<strong>\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\uff08Schema Migration\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\u201d\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb = \u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u66f4\u7684<strong>\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u53ef\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u53ef\u56de\u6eda<\/strong>\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62c6\u5206\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u91cd\u6784\uff08\u5982 INT \u2192 VARCHAR\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5de5\u5177<\/th><th>\u8bed\u8a00<\/th><th>\u7279\u70b9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/flywaydb.org\"><strong>Flyway<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Java<\/td><td>\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e SpringBoot \u9879\u76ee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liquibase.org\"><strong>Liquibase<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Java\/XML<\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u56de\u6eda<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/amacneil\/dbmate\"><strong>dbmate<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>\u591a\u8bed\u8a00<\/td><td>\u8f7b\u91cf\u3001\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0 CLI\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/book.cakephp.org\/phinx\/\"><strong>Phinx<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>PHP<\/td><td>Laravel\/ThinkPHP \u793e\u533a\u5e38\u7528<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/alembic.sqlalchemy.org\/\"><strong>Alembic<\/strong><\/a><\/td><td>Python<\/td><td>SQLAlchemy \u642d\u914d Flask\/Django<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2705 \u81ea\u5efa <code>migrations<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55 + SQL \u811a\u672c<\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00<\/td><td>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u81ea\u7ba1\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Flyway\uff08\u4f01\u4e1a\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5b89\u88c5 Flyway<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>brew install flyway         # macOS\nchoco install flyway        # Windows<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>flyway init<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>flyway.conf\nsql\/\n  \u2514\u2500 V1__init_schema.sql\n  \u2514\u2500 V2__add_user_table.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u7f16\u5199 SQL \u811a\u672c\uff08\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-- sql\/V1__init_schema.sql\nCREATE TABLE users (\n  id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n  name VARCHAR(100),\n  email VARCHAR(100),\n  created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f16\u8f91 <code>flyway.conf<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>flyway.url=jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/mydb\nflyway.user=root\nflyway.password=secret<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u6267\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>flyway migrate<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc1\u79fb\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5199\u5165 <code>flyway_schema_history<\/code> \u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1aLaravel \/ Yii \/ ThinkPHP \u5185\u7f6e\u8fc1\u79fb\uff08PHP \u9879\u76ee\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982 Laravel\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>php artisan make:migration create_users_table\nphp artisan migrate\nphp artisan migrate:rollback<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fc1\u79fb\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a PHP \u7c7b\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u81ea\u5efa SQL \u811a\u672c + Shell \u6267\u884c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>migrations\/\n  001_init.sql\n  002_add_index.sql\n  003_alter_users_add_phone.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysql -u root -p mydb &lt; migrations\/001_init.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u6267\u884c\u5230\u7b2c\u51e0\u6b65\u201d\u81f3 <code>schema_version<\/code> \u8868\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e2d\u7684\u56de\u6eda\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u573a\u666f<\/th><th>\u56de\u6eda\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217<\/td><td><code>ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN<\/code>\uff08\u9700\u8c28\u614e\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><td>\u5148\u65b0\u5efa\u5b57\u6bb5 \u2192 \u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb \u2192 \u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5220\u9664\u8868<\/td><td>\u5efa\u8bae\u5907\u4efd\u4e3a <code>.sql<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5220\u9664<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4f7f\u7528 Flyway \/ Liquibase<\/td><td>\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>undo<\/code> \u811a\u672c\u6216 <code>rollback<\/code> \u6807\u7b7e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u63a8\u8350\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\u811a\u672c<strong>\u7eb3\u5165 Git \u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u66f4\u901a\u8fc7 CI\/CD \u5728<strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PR \u5408\u5e76\u540e\uff0c\u7531 CD \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6267\u884c <code>flyway migrate<\/code>\uff08\u6216\u7b49\u6548\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5907\u4efd &amp; \u5ba1\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56de\u6eda\u7b56\u7565\u660e\u786e\uff08DDL \u614e\u7528\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff08MySQL \u7279\u6709\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u5efa\u8bae<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u907f\u514d\u5927\u8868\u76f4\u63a5 <code>ALTER<\/code><\/td><td>\u63a8\u8350 <code>pt-online-schema-change<\/code> \u5728\u7ebf\u53d8\u66f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4fdd\u6301 schema + data \u89e3\u8026<\/td><td>\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\u811a\u672c\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u66f4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7981\u6b62\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u66f4\u5fc5\u987b\u811a\u672c\u5316\u3001\u7248\u672c\u5316<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8003\u8651\u5b57\u6bb5\u547d\u540d\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/td><td>\u907f\u514d <code>order<\/code> \u7b49\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\u51b2\u7a81<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e03\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863\u94fe\u63a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/flywaydb.org\/documentation\/\">Flyway \u5b98\u7f51\u6587\u6863<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.liquibase.com\/\">Liquibase \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/book.cakephp.org\/phinx\/\">Phinx \u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u518c\uff08PHP\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.percona.com\/doc\/percona-toolkit\/LATEST\/pt-online-schema-change.html\">pt-online-schema-change \u5728\u7ebf\u53d8\u66f4\u5de5\u5177\uff08Percona\uff09<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/refman\/8.0\/en\/alter-table.html\">MySQL \u5b98\u65b9 ALTER TABLE \u6587\u6863<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 MySQL \u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67b6\u6784\u8fc1\u79fb\uff08Schema Migration\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u89e6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3808,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mysql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3807"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3809,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807\/revisions\/3809"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}