{"id":520,"date":"2024-12-25T01:01:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T17:01:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=520"},"modified":"2024-12-25T01:01:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T17:01:52","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e8%af%95%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b-c-%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%a0%86%e6%8d%9f%e5%9d%8f%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/25\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e8%af%95%e5%a4%9a%e7%ba%bf%e7%a8%8b-c-%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%a0%86%e6%8d%9f%e5%9d%8f%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u8bd5\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b C \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8c03\u8bd5\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b C \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u3002\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 <code>malloc<\/code>\u3001<code>free<\/code> \u6216 <code>realloc<\/code> \u65f6\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Valgrind<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valgrind \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5806\u635f\u574f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002Valgrind \u7684 <code>memcheck<\/code> \u5de5\u5177\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u68c0\u67e5\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/strong><br>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5 Valgrind\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  sudo apt-get install valgrind<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cValgrind \u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full .\/your_program<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cValgrind \u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 <code>--tool=helgrind<\/code> \u5de5\u5177\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6b7b\u9501\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5806\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AddressSanitizer (ASan)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AddressSanitizer \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u5806\u635f\u574f\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u7b49\u9519\u8bef\u3002ASan \u662f GCC \u548c Clang \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u542f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u542f\u7528 ASan\uff1a<\/strong><br>\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0 <code>-fsanitize=address<\/code> \u6807\u5fd7\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  gcc -g -fsanitize=address -o your_program your_program.c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cASan \u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u5806\u635f\u574f\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5806\u635f\u574f\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e14\u62a5\u544a\u8be6\u7ec6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u8c03\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u4f7f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\uff08\u5982 GDB\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5b9e\u65f6\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u5806\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5806\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u5806\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/strong><br>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>gdb<\/code> \u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 <code>info malloc<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><br>\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5728 GDB \u4e2d\u8c03\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u5806\u635f\u574f\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  gdb .\/your_program\n  run<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>bt<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u80fd\u591f\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u9501\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u3001\u8bfb\u5199\u9501\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/strong><br>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff08<code>pthread_mutex_lock<\/code> \u548c <code>pthread_mutex_unlock<\/code>\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 <code>malloc<\/code> \u6216 <code>free<\/code> \u7b49\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><br>\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u5806\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;\n\n  void* thread_func(void* arg) {\n      pthread_mutex_lock(&amp;mutex);\n      \/\/ \u5bf9\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\n      pthread_mutex_unlock(&amp;mutex);\n      return NULL;\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5806\u635f\u574f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u5206\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5806\u635f\u574f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a <code>malloc<\/code>\u3001<code>calloc<\/code> \u6216 <code>realloc<\/code> \u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 <code>free<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6ca1\u6709\u8d85\u51fa\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728 <code>free<\/code> \u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5e76\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u53ef\u590d\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u7b80\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u79bb\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c06\u7a0b\u5e8f\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff1a<\/strong> \u9010\u6b65\u5220\u9664\u975e\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u5bfc\u81f4\u5806\u635f\u574f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8c03\u8bd5\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b C \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u9700\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Valgrind<\/strong> \u548c <strong>AddressSanitizer<\/strong> 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8c03\u8bd5\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b C \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u3002\u5806\u635f\u574f\u9519 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-c"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=520"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":521,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/520\/revisions\/521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}