{"id":575,"date":"2024-12-26T23:32:18","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T15:32:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=575"},"modified":"2024-12-26T23:32:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T15:32:18","slug":"python-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84-self-%e5%92%8c-__init__-%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/26\/python-%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84-self-%e5%92%8c-__init__-%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Python \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 self \u548c __init__ \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c<code>self<\/code> \u548c <code>__init__<\/code> \u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong><code>self<\/code><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>self<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f Python \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>self<\/code> \u6765\u5f15\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>self<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c<code>self<\/code> \u5c06\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Dog:\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        # \u4f7f\u7528 self \u5f15\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n\n    def bark(self):\n        # \u4f7f\u7528 self \u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\n        print(f\"{self.name} says woof!\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa Dog \u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\ndog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\", 5)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\ndog1.bark()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728 <code>__init__<\/code> \u548c <code>bark<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c<code>self<\/code> \u7528\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5982 <code>self.name<\/code> \u548c <code>self.age<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982 <code>self.bark()<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 <code>dog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\", 5)<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c<code>self<\/code> \u5c31\u6307\u5411\u4e86 <code>dog1<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 <code>self.name<\/code> \u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e <code>\"Buddy\"<\/code>\uff0c<code>self.age<\/code> \u7b49\u4e8e <code>5<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>self<\/code> \u4e0d\u662f Python \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ef\u4f8b\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u540d\u5b57\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528 <code>self<\/code> \u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>self<\/code> \u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong><code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>__init__<\/code> \u662f Python \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4e5f\u53eb\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c<code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>__init__<\/code> \u7528\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff08\u5373\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8d4b\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Dog:\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        # \u901a\u8fc7 self \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n\n    def describe(self):\n        # \u4f7f\u7528 self \u5f15\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\n        print(f\"{self.name} is {self.age} years old.\")\n\n# \u521b\u5efa Dog \u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\ndog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\", 5)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\ndog1.describe()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 <code>dog1 = Dog(\"Buddy\", 5)<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728 <code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c<code>self.name<\/code> \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a <code>\"Buddy\"<\/code>\uff0c<code>self.age<\/code> \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a <code>5<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>describe<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 <code>self<\/code> \u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u72d7\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49 <code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 <code>self<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684 <code>name<\/code> \u548c <code>age<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <code>self<\/code> \u548c <code>__init__<\/code> \u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>__init__<\/code> \u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c <code>self<\/code> \u662f\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c<code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c <code>self<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u793a\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class Car:\n    def __init__(self, make, model, year):\n        self.make = make  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 make \u5c5e\u6027\n        self.model = model  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 model \u5c5e\u6027\n        self.year = year  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 year \u5c5e\u6027\n\n    def get_car_info(self):\n        return f\"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}\"\n\n# \u521b\u5efa Car \u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\nmy_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 2020)\n\n# \u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\nprint(my_car.get_car_info())<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 <code>my_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 2020)<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c<code>__init__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c<code>self.make<\/code> \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a <code>\"Toyota\"<\/code>\uff0c<code>self.model<\/code> \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a <code>\"Corolla\"<\/code>\uff0c<code>self.year<\/code> \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a <code>2020<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>get_car_info<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>self<\/code> \u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>self<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u4ee3\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>__init__<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u662f Python \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0cself \u548c __init__ \u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u5efa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=575"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":576,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/575\/revisions\/576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}