{"id":617,"date":"2024-12-28T21:27:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-28T13:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=617"},"modified":"2024-12-28T21:28:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-28T13:28:50","slug":"%e9%9b%b6%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/28\/%e9%9b%b6%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0sql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u4e60SQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b66\u4e60SQL\uff08Structured Query Language\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>\u677f\u5757\uff1a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u4e86\u89e3SQL\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3SQL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7528SQL\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u3002SQL\u662f\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong> \u7406\u89e3\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u8868\u3001\u884c\u3001\u5217\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SQL\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong> \u4e86\u89e3SQL\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b66\u4e60\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u5b66\u4e60SQL\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u662fSQL\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> <code>SELECT<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u6570\u636e\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b5b\u9009\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> <code>WHERE<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u7b5b\u9009\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> <code>ORDER BY<\/code>\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u5217\u5347\u5e8f\u6216\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/strong> <code>GROUP BY<\/code>\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u6309\u67d0\u5217\u5206\u7ec4\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b66\u4e60\u5982 <code>COUNT()<\/code>, <code>SUM()<\/code>, <code>AVG()<\/code>, <code>MIN()<\/code>, <code>MAX()<\/code> \u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9650\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/strong> <code>LIMIT<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u7406\u89e3SQL\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Join\uff09\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>INNER JOIN<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u5f20\u8868\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LEFT JOIN<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u8868\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ca\u53f3\u8868\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53f3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u8fd4\u56deNULL\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RIGHT JOIN<\/strong> \u548c <strong>FULL JOIN<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fd4\u56de\u53f3\u8868\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fee\u6539\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>INSERT INTO<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UPDATE<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DELETE<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8868\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CREATE TABLE<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALTER TABLE<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5217\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DROP TABLE<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u8fdb\u9636\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 <code>COMMIT<\/code> \u548c <code>ROLLBACK<\/code> \u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/strong> \u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. <strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6559\u7a0b\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u8350\uff1a<\/strong>\u300aSQL\u5fc5\u77e5\u5fc5\u4f1a\u300b\u9002\u5408\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86SQL\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u50cfCoursera\u3001Udemy\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684SQL\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/strong> MySQL\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u3001SQLZoo\u3001LeetCode\u7b49\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5229\u7528<strong>SQL\u7ec3\u4e60\u5e73\u53f0<\/strong>\uff08\u5982LeetCode\u3001HackerRank\u3001SQLZoo\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MySQL\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u683c\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7f16\u5199SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u4f30\u8ba1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u7ea62-3\u5468\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u9891\u6559\u7a0b\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u638c\u63e1SQL\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u521d\u7ea7\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u7ea62-4\u5468\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u4fe1\u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\uff09\u6765\u5e94\u7528SQL\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fdb\u9636\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u7ea61-2\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u5b66\u4e60SQL\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u6218\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u719f\u7ec3\u7f16\u5199SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5927\u7ea6\u9700\u89811\u52302\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u67e5\u627e\u8d44\u6599\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u638c\u63e1SQL\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/strong> \u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u8df5\u624d\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3SQL\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\uff1a<\/strong> \u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u8868\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5d4c\u5957\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6301\u7eed\u590d\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong> SQL\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u590d\u4e60\u548c\u6311\u6218\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u987a\u5229\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230SQL\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ad8\u9636\u677f\u5757<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u4e86SQL\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7cbe\u8fdb\u6280\u80fd\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bbaSQL\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u7cbe\u901aSQL\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. <strong>\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u4f60\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684SQL\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u70b9\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff08Subqueries\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u5d4c\u5957\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u4e2a\u503c\u6216\u591a\u503c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728 <code>SELECT<\/code>\u3001<code>WHERE<\/code>\u3001<code>FROM<\/code> \u7b49\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6761\u4ef6\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5d4c\u5957\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8054\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff08UNION\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u591a\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 <code>UNION<\/code>\u3001<code>INTERSECT<\/code> \u548c <code>EXCEPT<\/code> \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. <strong>\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u7ea7\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u201c\u7a97\u53e3\u201d\u5185\u6267\u884c\u805a\u5408\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u884c\u95f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u6392\u540d\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u79fb\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code><\/strong>\u3001<strong><code>RANK()<\/code><\/strong>\u3001<strong><code>DENSE_RANK()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u751f\u6210\u6392\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>LEAD()<\/code><\/strong> \u548c <strong><code>LAG()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u7684\u540e\u51e0\u884c\u6216\u524d\u51e0\u884c\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>NTILE()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>SUM()<\/code><\/strong> \u548c <strong><code>AVG()<\/code><\/strong> \u7b49\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u7d2f\u8ba1\u548c\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u5e73\u5747\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08REGEXP\uff09\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982 <code>CONCAT()<\/code>\u3001<code>SUBSTRING()<\/code>\uff09\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. <strong>\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u9501\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08ACID\u7279\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 <code>START TRANSACTION<\/code>\u3001<code>COMMIT<\/code> \u548c <code>ROLLBACK<\/code> \u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9501\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9501\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u884c\u7ea7\u9501\u3001\u8868\u7ea7\u9501\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u548c\u60b2\u89c2\u9501\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9501\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. <strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8868\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3b\u952e\u548c\u5916\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8303\u5f0f\uff082NF\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. <strong>\u4f18\u5316SQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5b66\u4e60SQL\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u9047\u5230\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u5982B\u6811\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u5212\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u5212\uff08<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u74f6\u9888\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528 <code>WHERE<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684 <code>JOIN<\/code>\u3001<code>DISTINCT<\/code> \u548c <code>GROUP BY<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514dN+1\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u8868\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u67e5\u8be2\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u67e5\u8be2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. <strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548cSQL\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7SQL\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5199\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982Kaggle\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528SQL\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9879\u76ee\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u5ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u590d\u5ba1\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5199\u7684SQL\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u70b9\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684SQL\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. <strong>\u6301\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u793e\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u6587\u7ae0<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5982\u300aSQL\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53c2\u4e0eSQL\u793e\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u6280\u672f\u8bba\u575b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76f8\u5173\u7684QQ\u7fa4\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u7fa4\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u9047\u5230\u7684SQL\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728LeetCode\u3001HackerRank\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u6311\u6218\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684SQL\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u89c4\u5212\uff08\u8865\u5145\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u76841-2\u4e2a\u6708\u57fa\u7840\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u9636\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SQL\u6280\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8fdb\u9636\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u7ea62-3\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ea63-6\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3001\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1SQL\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528SQL\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b9e\u7528\u7684SQL\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u53c2\u7167\u8fd9\u8fb9\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/28\/\u5b9e\u7528\u7684sql\u5b9e\u4f8b\/\">\u5b9e\u7528\u7684sql\u5b9e\u4f8b\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b66\u4e60SQL\uff08Structured Query Language\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=617"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":621,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617\/revisions\/621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}