{"id":882,"date":"2025-01-11T15:49:13","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T07:49:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=882"},"modified":"2025-01-11T15:49:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-11T07:49:13","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%barest-api%ef%bc%9a%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/11\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%9e%84%e5%bb%barest-api%ef%bc%9a%e7%ae%80%e5%8d%95%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u6784\u5efaREST API\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u6559\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u6784\u5efa REST API \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5f00\u53d1 Web \u5e94\u7528\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002Python \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa RESTful API\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u662f Flask<\/strong> \u548c Django<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5 Flask<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 REST API\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f REST API\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

REST\uff08Representational State Transfer\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e Web \u7684\u67b6\u6784\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u3002REST API \u4f7f\u7528 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002RESTful API \u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 URI\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    2. \u5b89\u88c5 Flask<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 Flask\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 pip<\/code> \u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    pip install Flask<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Flask \u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Flask \u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684 REST API\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    from flask import Flask, jsonify, request\n\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nusers = [\n    {'id': 1, 'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25},\n    {'id': 2, 'name': 'Bob', 'age': 30}\n]\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\n@app.route('\/api\/users', methods=['GET'])\ndef get_users():\n    return jsonify(users)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\n@app.route('\/api\/users\/<int:user_id>', methods=['GET'])\ndef get_user(user_id):\n    user = next((u for u in users if u['id'] == user_id), None)\n    if user is None:\n        return jsonify({'message': 'User not found'}), 404\n    return jsonify(user)\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\n@app.route('\/api\/users', methods=['POST'])\ndef create_user():\n    new_user = request.get_json()\n    new_user['id'] = len(users) + 1  # \u4e3a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914dID\n    users.append(new_user)\n    return jsonify(new_user), 201\n\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\n@app.route('\/api\/users\/<int:user_id>', methods=['PUT'])\ndef update_user(user_id):\n    user = next((u for u in users if u['id'] == user_id), None)\n    if user is None:\n        return jsonify({'message': 'User not found'}), 404\n\n    data = request.get_json()\n    user.update(data)\n    return jsonify(user)\n\n# \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\n@app.route('\/api\/users\/<int:user_id>', methods=['DELETE'])\ndef delete_user(user_id):\n    user = next((u for u in users if u['id'] == user_id), None)\n    if user is None:\n        return jsonify({'message': 'User not found'}), 404\n\n    users.remove(user)\n    return jsonify({'message': 'User deleted'}), 200\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    app.run(debug=True)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Flask \u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 Flask(__name__)<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a Flask \u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\/api\/users<\/code> \u8def\u5f84\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\/api\/users\/<int:user_id><\/code> \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a ID \u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\/api\/users<\/code> \u8def\u5f84\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a JSON \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. PUT \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\/api\/users\/<int:user_id><\/code> \u8def\u5f84\u66f4\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a ID \u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. DELETE \u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\/api\/users\/<int:user_id><\/code> \u8def\u5f84\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a ID \u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd0\u884c Flask \u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a app.py<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      python app.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Flask \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5728 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/<\/code> \u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982 Postman \u6216 curl\uff09\u8fdb\u884c API \u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      4. \u4f7f\u7528 Postman \u6d4b\u8bd5 API<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 Postman \u6216 cURL \u5de5\u5177\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e2a API\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c GET<\/code> \u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      GET http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u6216\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      POST http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/api\/users\nContent-Type: application\/json\nBody:\n{\n    \"name\": \"Charlie\",\n    \"age\": 35\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      5. \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      5.1. \u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5 JSON \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5982 404\uff08\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff09\u3001400\uff08\u574f\u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\u7b49\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        from flask import abort\n\n@app.route('\/api\/users', methods=['POST'])\ndef create_user():\n    new_user = request.get_json()\n    if 'name' not in new_user or 'age' not in new_user:\n        abort(400, description=\"Missing 'name' or 'age' in the request data\")\n    new_user['id'] = len(users) + 1\n    users.append(new_user)\n    return jsonify(new_user), 201<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        5.2. \u4f7f\u7528 Flask \u84dd\u56fe<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        Flask \u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u201c\u84dd\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u3002\u84dd\u56fe\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u5c06 API \u903b\u8f91\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        from flask import Blueprint\n\nusers_bp = Blueprint('users', __name__)\n\n@users_bp.route('\/users', methods=['GET'])\ndef get_users():\n    return jsonify(users)\n\napp.register_blueprint(users_bp)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        5.3. \u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002Flask \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982 SQLite\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001MySQL\uff09\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684 ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u662f SQLAlchemy<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        pip install flask-sqlalchemy<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        5.4. \u6dfb\u52a0\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684 API\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5982 JWT\uff08JSON Web Token\uff09<\/strong>\u3002Flask \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5982 Flask-JWT-Extended<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        5.5. RESTful \u98ce\u683c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684 API \u9075\u5faa RESTful \u98ce\u683c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • \u4f7f\u7528 HTTP \u52a8\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff08GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u4f7f\u7528 \u8d44\u6e90\u8def\u5f84<\/strong> \u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982 \/api\/users<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\/api\/users\/<id><\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u8fd4\u56de \u5408\u9002\u7684 HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u6210\u529f\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de 201 Created<\/code>\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de 400 Bad Request<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          6. \u90e8\u7f72 Flask API<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u5f53\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210 API \u5f00\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Flask \u90e8\u7f72\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u4f7f\u7528 WSGI \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982 Gunicorn<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u4e0e Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5982 Nginx\uff09\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982 Heroku\u3001AWS\u3001Google Cloud \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528 Gunicorn \u90e8\u7f72\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 Gunicorn\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            pip install gunicorn<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c Flask \u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            gunicorn app:app<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            7. \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Flask \u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 REST API\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\uff08GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa RESTful \u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684 API\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u987a\u5229\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u96c6\u6210\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684 API \u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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