{"id":914,"date":"2025-01-12T10:10:59","date_gmt":"2025-01-12T02:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/?p=914"},"modified":"2025-01-12T10:10:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T02:10:59","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laixuexila.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/12\/python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u722c\u866b\uff1a\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6559\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u722c\u866b\uff08Web Scraping\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002Python \u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5c06\u5e26\u4f60\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u7528 Python \u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u722c\u866b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u722c\u866b\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u7684 HTML \u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u63d0\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u722c\u866b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u5982 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 HTML \u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u9875\u9762\u63d0\u53d6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u722c\u53d6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5206\u9875\u3001\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e8c\u3001Python\u722c\u866b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    1. requests<\/strong>\uff1a\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    requests<\/code> \u662f Python \u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    pip install requests<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. BeautifulSoup<\/strong>\uff1a\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u9875\u9762<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    BeautifulSoup<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Python \u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u548c XML \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    pip install beautifulsoup4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. lxml<\/strong>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u89e3\u6790\u901f\u5ea6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    lxml<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684 XML \u548c HTML \u89e3\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4 BeautifulSoup<\/code> \u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u9875\u9762\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    pip install lxml<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    4. pandas<\/strong>\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    pandas<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 DataFrame \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u6216\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a CSV \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    pip install pandas<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u6293\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    1. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u7528 requests<\/code> \u5e93\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\u7684 HTML \u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    import requests\n\n# \u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875 URL\nurl = 'https:\/\/example.com'\n\n# \u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\nresponse = requests.get(url)\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4e3a 200\uff08\u6210\u529f\uff09\nif response.status_code == 200:\n    print(response.text)  # \u6253\u5370\u7f51\u9875\u7684 HTML \u5185\u5bb9\nelse:\n    print('Failed to retrieve the page')<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup \u89e3\u6790 HTML<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup<\/code> \u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u7684 HTML \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup \u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')\n\n# \u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684 <a> \u6807\u7b7e\nlinks = soup.find_all('a')\n\n# \u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\nfor link in links:\n    print(link.get('href'))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 find()<\/code> \u6216 find_all()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408 CSS \u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    # \u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898\ntitle = soup.title.string\nprint(f'Page Title: {title}')<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cCSV \u6587\u4ef6\u3001JSON \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 CSV \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    import csv\n\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\nlinks = [link.get('href') for link in soup.find_all('a')]\n\n# \u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5230 CSV \u6587\u4ef6\nwith open('links.csv', mode='w', newline='') as file:\n    writer = csv.writer(file)\n    writer.writerow(['Link'])  # \u5199\u5165\u8868\u5934\n    for link in links:\n        writer.writerow([link])<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u9875<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u9875\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982 JavaScript \u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    1. \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff1aSelenium<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Selenium<\/code> \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d JavaScript \u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    pip install selenium<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982 ChromeDriver\uff09\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    from selenium import webdriver\n\n# \u542f\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome()\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u9875\u9762\ndriver.get('https:\/\/example.com')\n\n# \u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\ndriver.implicitly_wait(10)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\nhtml = driver.page_source\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup \u89e3\u6790\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')\n\n# \u63d0\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\nprint(soup.title.string)\n\n# \u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\ndriver.quit()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5206\u9875\u5c55\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u6293\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u7ffb\u9875\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    base_url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/page\/'\n\nfor page_num in range(1, 6):  # \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u524d5\u9875\n    url = f'{base_url}{page_num}'\n    response = requests.get(url)\n\n    if response.status_code == 200:\n        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')\n\n        # \u63d0\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6570\u636e\n        articles = soup.find_all('article')\n        for article in articles:\n            title = article.find('h2').text\n            print(f'Article Title: {title}')<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u722c\u866b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u722c\u866b\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684 robots.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u591a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002robots.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u722c\u53d6\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u722c\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    1. \u9075\u5b88 robots.txt<\/code><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    robots.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u722c\u866b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 requests<\/code> \u8bf7\u6c42\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u722c\u866b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    robots_url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/robots.txt'\nresponse = requests.get(robots_url)\n\nif response.status_code == 200:\n    print(response.text)  # \u6253\u5370 robots.txt \u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u722c\u53d6\u9891\u7387\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u722c\u866b\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 time.sleep()<\/code> \u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    import time\n\n# \u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694 1 \u79d2\ntime.sleep(1)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    3. IP \u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5bf9 IP \u5730\u5740\u505a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    proxies = {\n    'http': 'http:\/\/your_proxy',\n    'https': 'https:\/\/your_proxy'\n}\n\nresponse = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', proxies=proxies)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7528 Python \u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 requests<\/code> \u5e93\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u89e3\u6790 HTML \u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup<\/code> \u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u5982 CSV \u6216 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. \u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Selenium<\/code> \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. \u9075\u5faa\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303<\/strong>\uff1a\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684 robots.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u722c\u866b\u6293\u53d6\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \u722c\u866b\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6293\u53d6\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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